Draft96

Replace or add files to an archive; ar ;r path/to/file.a path/to/file1.o path/to/file2.o Insert an object file index (equivalent to using ranlib); ar ;s path/to/file.a Create an archive with files and an accompanying object file index; ar ;rs path/to/file.a path/to/file1.o path/to/file2.o

Calculate the result of an expression and force the number of decimal places to 10; bc <<< "scale=10* 5 / 3" Calculate the result of an expression with sine and cosine using mathlib; bc ;l <<< "s(1) + c(1)" dc Execute dc script in file; dc ;f file Calculate 4 times 5 [4 5 *], subtract 17 [17 ;], and [p]rint the output (using echo); echo "4 5 * 17 * p"| dc Set number of decimal places to 7 [7 k], calculate 5 divided by ;3 [5 _3 /] and [p]rint (using dc ;e); dc ;e "7 k 5 _3 / p" Calculate the golden ratio, phi* Set number of decimal places to 100 [100 k], square root of 5 [5 v] plus 1 [1 +], divided by 2 [2 /], and [p]rint result; dc ;e "100 k 5 v 1 + 2 / p" Make a bootable USB drive from an isohybrid file (such like archlinux;xxx.iso) and show the progress; dd if=file.iso of=/dev/usb_drive status=progress Clone a drive to another drive with 4 MiB block, ignore error and show progress; dd if=/dev/source_drive of=/dev/dest_drive bs=4M conv=noerror status=progress ed The original Unix text editor

Start ed, editing an empty document (which can be saved as a new file in the current directory); ed Start ed, editing an empty document, with * as a command prompt indicator; ed ;p ; Start ed editing an existing file (this shows the byte count of the loaded file); ed ;p * path/to/file Toggle the printing of error explanations. (By default, explanations are not printed and only a ? appears); H Add text to the current document. Mark completion by entering a period by itself in a new line; atext_to_insert. Print the entire document (, is a shortcut to the range 1,$ which covers the start to the end of the document); ,p Write the current document to a new file (the filename can be omitted if ed was called with an existing file); w filename Quit ed; q
 * man.archlinux.org/man/ed.1.

fc Open the most recent command and edit it

Open in the default system editor; fc Specify an editor to open with; fc ;e 'emacs' List recent commands from history; fc ;l fd An alternative to find.Aims to be faster and easier to use than find
 * manned.org/fc.

Recursively find files matching the given pattern in the current directory; fd pattern Find files that begin with "foo"; fd '^foo' Find files with a specific extension; fd ;;extension txt Find files in a specific directory; fd pattern path/to/directory Include ignored and hidden files in the search; fd ;;hidden ;;no;ignore pattern Execute a command on each search result returned; fd pattern ;;exec command fg Run jobs in foreground
 * github.com/sharkdp/fd.

Bring most recently suspended background job to foreground; fg Bring a specific job to foreground; fg %job_id gs GhostScript is a PDF and PostScript interpreter
 * manned.org/fg.

To view a file; gs ;dQUIET ;dBATCH file.pdf Reduce PDF file size to 150 dpi images for reading on a e;book device; gs ;dNOPAUSE ;dQUIET ;dBATCH ;sDEVICE=pdfwrite ;dPDFSETTINGS=/ebook ;sOutputFile=output.pdf input.pdf Convert PDF file (pages 1 through 3) to an image with 150 dpi resolution; gs ;dQUIET ;dBATCH ;dNOPAUSE ;sDEVICE=jpeg ;r150 ;dFirstPage=1 ;dLastPage=3 ;sOutputFile=output_%d.jpg input.pdf Extract pages from a PDF file; gs ;dQUIET ;dBATCH ;dNOPAUSE ;sDEVICE=pdfwrite ;sOutputFile=output.pdf input.pdf Merge PDF files; gs ;dQUIET ;dBATCH ;dNOPAUSE ;sDEVICE=pdfwrite ;sOutputFile=output.pdf input1.pdf input2.pdf Convert from PostScript file to PDF file; gs ;dQUIET ;dBATCH ;dNOPAUSE ;sDEVICE=pdfwrite ;sOutputFile=output.pdf input.ps hr Print a horizontal rule in the terminal
 * manned.org/gs.

Print a horizontal rule; hr Print a horizontal rule with a custom string; hr string Print a multiline horizontal rule; hr string_a string_b string_c id Display current user and group identity
 * github.com/LuRsT/hr.

id.

Display current user's ID (UID), group ID (GID) and groups to which they belong; id Display the current user identity as a number; id ;u Display the current group identity as a number; id ;g Display an arbitrary user's ID (UID), group ID (GID) and groups to which they belong; id username if Simple shell conditional.See also* test, [

Execute two different commands based on a condition; if command* then echo "true"* else echo "false"* fi Check if a variable is defined; if ;n "$VARIABLE" * then echo "defined"* else echo "not defined"* fi Check if a file exists; if ;f "path/to/file" * then echo "true"* else echo "false"* fi Check if a directory exists; if ;d "path/to/directory" * then echo "true"* else echo "false"* fi Check if a file or directory exists; if ;e "path/to/file_or_directory" * then echo "true"* else echo "false"* fi List all possible conditions (test is an alias to [* both are commonly used with if); man [ lp Print files.
 * www.tcl.tk/man/tcl8.6.11/TclCmd/if.html.

Print the output of a command to the default printer (see lpstat command); echo "test" | lp Print a file to the default printer; lp path/to/filename Print a file to a named printer (see lpstat command); lp ;d printer_name path/to/filename Print N copies of file to default printer (replace N with desired number of copies); lp ;n N path/to/filename Print only certain pages to the default printer (print pages 1, 3;5, and 16); lp ;P 1,3;5,16 path/to/filename Resume printing a job; lp ;i job_id ;H resume ls List directory contents

ls.

List files one per line; ls ;1 List all files, including hidden files; ls ;a List all files, with trailing / added to directory names; ls ;F Long format list (permissions, ownership, size, and modification date) of all files; ls ;la Long format list with size displayed using human;readable units (KiB, MiB, GiB); ls ;lh Long format list sorted by size (descending); ls ;lS Long format list of all files, sorted by modification date (oldest first); ls ;ltr Only list directories; ls ;d */ mc Midnight Commander, a terminal based file manager.Navigate the directory structure using the arrow keys, the mouse or by typing the commands into the terminal

Start mc; mc Start mc in black and white; mc ;b mv Move or rename files and directories
 * midnight;commander.org.

mv.

Move a file to an arbitrary location; mv source target Move files into another directory, keeping the filenames; mv source1 source2 source3 target_directory Do not prompt for confirmation before overwriting existing files; mv ;f source target Prompt for confirmation before overwriting existing files, regardless of file permissions; mv ;i source target Do not overwrite existing files at the target; mv ;n source target Move files in verbose mode, showing files after they are moved; mv ;v source target nl A utility for numbering lines, either from a file, or from standard input

nl.

Number non;blank lines in a file; nl file Read from standard output; cat file | nl options ; Number only the lines with printable text; nl ;t file Number all lines including blank lines; nl ;b a file Number only the body lines that match a basic regular expression (BRE) pattern; nl ;b p'FooBar[0;9]' file od Display file contents in octal, decimal or hexadecimal format.Optionally display the byte offsets and/or printable representation for each line

od.

Display file using default settings* octal format, 8 bytes per line, byte offsets in octal, and duplicate lines replaced with *; od path/to/file Display file in verbose mode, i.e. without replacing duplicate lines with *; od ;v path/to/file Display file in hexadecimal format (2;byte units), with byte offsets in decimal format; od ;;format=x ;;address;radix=d ;v path/to/file Display file in hexadecimal format (1;byte units), and 4 bytes per line; od ;;format=x1 ;;width=4 ;v path/to/file Display file in hexadecimal format along with its character representation, and do not print byte offsets; od ;;format=xz ;;address;radix=n ;v path/to/file Read only 100 bytes of a file starting from the 500th byte; od ;;read;bytes 100 ;;skip;bytes=500 ;v path/to/file pi Compute decimal Archimedes' constant Pi on the command;line

http;manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/trusty/man1/pi.1.html. Display 100 decimal digits of Archimedes' constant Pi; pi Display a specified number of decimal digits of Archimedes' constant Pi; pi number Display help; pi ;;help Display version; pi ;;version Display recommended readings; pi ;;bibliography pr Paginate or columnate files for printing

pr.

Print multiple files with a default header and footer; pr file1 file2 file3 Print with a custom centered header; pr ;h "header" file1 file2 file3 Print with numbered lines and a custom date format; pr ;n ;D "format" file1 file2 file3 Print all files together, one in each column, without a header or footer; pr ;m ;T file1 file2 file3 Print, beginning at page 2 up to page 5, with a given page length (including header and footer); pr +2;5 ;l page_length file1 file2 file3 Print with an offset for each line and a truncating custom page width; pr ;o offset ;W width file1 file2 file3 ps Information about running processes.

List all running processes; ps aux List all running processes including the full command string; ps auxww Search for a process that matches a string; ps aux | grep string List all processes of the current user in extra full format; ps ;;user $(id ;u) ;F List all processes of the current user as a tree; ps ;;user $(id ;u) f Get the parent PID of a process; ps ;o ppid= ;p pid Sort processes by memory consumption; ps ;;sort size rm Remove files or directories

rm.

Remove files from arbitrary locations; rm path/to/file path/to/another/file Recursively remove a directory and all its subdirectories; rm ;r path/to/directory Forcibly remove a directory, without prompting for confirmation or showing error messages; rm ;rf path/to/directory Interactively remove multiple files, with a prompt before every removal; rm ;i file(s) Remove files in verbose mode, printing a message for each removed file; rm ;v path/to/directory/* su Switch shell to another user.

Switch to superuser (requires the root password); su Switch to a given user (requires the user's password); su username Switch to a given user and simulate a full login shell; su * username Execute a command as another user; su * username ;c "command" tr Translate characters* run replacements based on single characters and character sets

tr.

Replace all occurrences of a character in a file, and print the result; tr find_character replace_character < filename Replace all occurrences of a character from another command's output; echo text | tr find_character replace_character Map each character of the first set to the corresponding character of the second set; tr 'abcd' 'jkmn' < filename Delete all occurrences of the specified set of characters from the input; tr ;d 'input_characters' < filename Compress a series of identical characters to a single character; tr ;s 'input_characters' < filename Translate the contents of a file to upper;case; tr "[;lower;]" "[;upper;]" < filename Strip out non;printable characters from a file; tr ;cd "[;print;]" < filename ul Performs the underlining of a text.Each character in a given string must be underlined separately

Display the contents of the file with underlines where applicable; ul file.txt Display the contents of the file with underlines made of dashes ;; ul ;i file.txt wc Count lines, words, or bytes
 * manned.org/ul.

wc.

Count lines in file; wc ;l file Count words in file; wc ;w file Count characters (bytes) in file; wc ;c file Count characters in file (taking multi;byte character sets into account); wc ;m file Use standard input to count lines, words and characters (bytes) in that order; find. | wc ack A search tool like grep, optimized for developers.See also* rg, which is much faster

Search for files containing a string or regular expression in the current directory recursively; ack "search_pattern" Search for a case;insensitive pattern; ack ;;ignore;case "search_pattern" Search for lines matching a pattern, printing [o]nly the matched text and not the rest of the line; ack ;o "search_pattern" Limit search to files of a specific type; ack ;;type=ruby "search_pattern Do not search in files of a specific type; ack ;;type=noruby "search_pattern Count the total number of matches found; ack ;;count ;;no;filename "search_pattern" Print the file names and the number of matches for each file only; ack ;;count ;;files;with;matches "search_pattern" List all values that can be used with ;;type; ack ;;help;types act Execute GitHub Actions locally using Docker
 * beyondgrep.com/documentation.

List the available actions; act ;l Run the default event; act Run a specific event; act event_type Run a specific action; act ;a action_id Do not actually run the actions (i.e. a dry run); act ;n Show verbose logs; act ;v adb Android Debug Bridge* communicate with an Android emulator instance or connected Android devices
 * github.com/nektos/act.

Check whether the adb server process is running and start it; adb start;server Terminate the adb server process; adb kill;server Start a remote shell in the target emulator/device instance; adb shell Push an Android application to an emulator/device; adb install ;r path/to/file.apk Copy a file/directory from the target device; adb pull path/to/device_file_or_directory path/to/local_destination_directory Copy a file/directory to the target device; adb push path/to/local_file_or_directory path/to/device_destination_directory Get a list of connected devices; adb devices age A simple, modern and secure file encryption tool
 * developer.android.com/studio/command;line/adb.

Generate an encrypted file that can be decrypted with a passphrase; age ;;passphrase ;;output path/to/encrypted_file path/to/unencrypted_file Generate a key pair, saving the private key to an unencrypted file and printing the public key to stdout; age;keygen ;;output path/to/file Encrypt a file with one or More public keys that are entered as literals;
 * age;encryption.org.

age ;;recipient public_key_1 ;;recipient public_key_2 path/to/unencrypted_file ;;output path/to/encrypted_file Encrypt a file with one or More public keys that are specified in a recipients file;

age ;;recipients;file path/to/recipients_file path/to/unencrypted_file ;;output path/to/encrypted_file Decrypt a file with a passphrase; age ;;decrypt ;;output path/to/decrypted_file path/to/encrypted_file Decrypt a file with a private key file; age ;;decrypt ;;identity path/to/private_key_file ;;output path/to/decrypted_file path/to/encrypted_file ant Apache Ant.Tool for building and managing Java;based projects

Build a project with default build file build.xml; ant Build a project using build file other than build.xml; ant ;f buildfile.xml Print information on possible targets for this project; ant ;p Print debugging information; ant ;d Execute all targets that do not depend on fail target(s); ant ;k apg Creates arbitrarily complex random passwords
 * ant.apache.org.

Create random passwords (default password length is 8); apg Create a password with at least 1 symbol (S), 1 number (N), 1 uppercase (C), 1 lowercase (L); apg ;M SNCL Create a password with 16 characters; apg ;m 16 Create a password with maximum length of 16; apg ;x 16 Create a password that doesn't appear in a dictionary (the dictionary file has to be provided); apg ;r dictionary_file apk Alpine Linux package management tool
 * manned.org/apg.

Update repository indexes from all remote repositories; apk update Install a new package; apk add package Remove a package; apk del package Repair package or upgrade it without modifying main dependencies; apk fix package Search package via keyword; apk search keyword Get info about a specific package; apk info package apm Atom editor Package Manager.See atom
 * wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Alpine_Linux_package_management.

Install packages from http;atom.io/packages and themes from http;atom.io/themes; apm install package_name Remove packages/themes; apm remove package_name Upgrade packages/themes; apm upgrade package_name apt Package management utility for Debian based distributions.Recommended replacement for apt;get when used interactively in Ubuntu versions 16.04 and later
 * github.com/atom/apm.

Update the list of available packages and versions (it's recommended to run this before other apt commands); sudo apt update Search for a given package; apt search package Show information for a package; apt show package Install a package, or update it to the latest available version; sudo apt install package Remove a package (using purge instead also removes its configuration files); sudo apt remove package Upgrade all installed packages to their newest available versions; sudo apt upgrade List all packages; apt list List installed packages; apt list ;;installed arc Arcanist* A CLI for Phabricator
 * manpages.debian.org/latest/apt/apt.8.html.

Send the changes to Differential for review; arc diff Show pending revision information; arc list Update Git commit messages after review; arc amend Push Git changes; arc land ark KDE archiving tool
 * secure.phabricator.com/book/phabricator/article/arcanist/.

Extract an archive into the current directory; ark ;;batch archive Change extraction directory; ark ;;batch ;;destination path/to/directory archive Create an archive if it does not exist and add files to it; ark ;;add;to archive file1 file2 arp Show and manipulate your system's ARP cache
 * docs.kde.org/stable5/en/ark/ark/.

Show the current ARP table; arp ;a Clear the entire cache; sudo arp ;a ;d Delete a specific entry; arp ;d address Create an entry in the ARP table; arp ;s address mac_address asr Restore (copy) a disk image onto a volume.The command name stands for Apple Software Restore
 * manned.org/arp.

Restore a disk image to a target volume; sudo asr restore ;;source image_name.dmg ;;target path/to/volume Erase the target volume before restoring; sudo asr restore ;;source image_name.dmg ;;target path/to/volume ;;erase Skip verification after restoring; sudo asr restore ;;source image_name.dmg ;;target path/to/volume ;;noverify Clone volumes without the use of an intermediate disk image; sudo asr restore ;;source path/to/volume ;;target path/to/cloned_volume atq Show jobs scheduled by at or batch commands
 * www.unix.com/man;page/osx/8/asr/.

Show the current user's scheduled jobs; atq Show jobs from queue named 'a' (queues have single;character names); atq ;q a Show jobs of all users (run as superuser); sudo atq awk A versatile programming language for working on files
 * man.archlinux.org/man/at.1.

Print the fifth column (a.k.a. field) in a space;separated file; awk 'print $5' filename Print the second column of the lines containing "foo" in a space;separated file; awk '/foo/ print $2' filename Print the last column of each line in a file, using a comma (instead of space) as a field separator; awk ;F ',' 'print $NF' filename Sum the values in the first column of a file and print the total; awk 's+=$1 END print s' filename Print every third line starting from the first line; awk 'NR%3==1' filename Print different values based on conditions; awk 'if ($1 == "foo") print "Exact match foo"* else if ($1 ~ "bar") print "Partial match bar"* else print "Baz"' filename Print all lines where the 10th column value equals the specified value ; awk '($10 == value)' Print all the lines which the 10th column value is between a min and a max ; awk '($10 >= min_value && $10 <= max_value)' aws The official CLI tool for Amazon Web Services.Wizard, SSO, Resource Autocompletion, and YAML options are v2 only
 * github.com/onetrueawk/awk.

Configure the AWS Command;line; aws configure wizard Configure the AWS Command;line using SSO; aws configure sso See help text for the AWS command; aws command help Get the caller identity (used to troubleshoot permissions); aws sts get;caller;identity List AWS resources in a region and output in YAML; aws dynamodb list;tables ;;region us;east;1 ;;output yaml Use auto prompt to help with a command; aws iam create;user ;;cli;auto;prompt Get an interactive wizard for an AWS resource; aws dynamodb wizard new_table Generate a JSON CLI Skeleton (useful for infrastructure as code); aws dynamodb update;table ;;generate;cli;skeleton bat Print and concatenate files.A cat clone with syntax highlighting and Git integration
 * aws.amazon.com/cli.

Print the contents of a file to the standard output; bat file Concatenate several files into the target file; bat file1 file2 > target_file Append several files into the target file; bat file1 file2 >> target_file Number all output lines; bat ;n file Syntax highlight a JSON file; bat ;;language json file.json Display all supported languages; bat ;;list;languages bfg Remove large files or passwords from Git history like git;filter;branch.Note* if your repository is connected to a remote, you will need to force push to it
 * github.com/sharkdp/bat.

Remove a file with sensitive data but leave the latest commit untouched; bfg ;;delete;files file_with_sensitive_data Remove all text mentioned in the specified file wherever it can be found in the repository's history; bfg ;;replace;text path/to/file.txt box A PHP application for building and managing Phars
 * rtyley.github.io/bfg;repo;cleaner/.

Compile a new Phar file; box compile Compile a new Phar file using a specific config file; box compile ;c path/to/config Display information about the PHAR PHP extension; box info Display information about a specific Phar file; box info path/to/phar_file Validate the first found config file in the working directory; box validate Verify the signature of a specific Phar file; box verify path/to/phar_file Display all available commands and options; box help btm An alternative to top.Aims to be lightweight, cross;platform and
 * github.com/box;project/box.

More graphical than top

Show the default layout (CPU, memory, temperatures, disk, network, and processes); btm Enable basic mode, removing charts and condensing data (similar to top); btm ;;basic Use big dots instead of small ones in charts; btm ;;dot_marker Show also battery charge and health status; btm ;;battery Refresh every 250 milliseconds and show the last 30 seconds in the charts; btm ;;rate 250 ;;default_time_value 30000 bup Backup system based on the Git packfile format, providing incremental saves and global deduplication
 * github.com/ClementTsang/bottom.

Initialize a backup repository in the specified local directory; bup ;d path/to/repository init Prepare a given directory before taking a backup; bup ;d path/to/repository index path/to/directory Backup a directory to the repository; bup ;d path/to/repository save ;n backup_name path/to/directory Show the backup snapshots currently stored in the repository; bup ;d path/to/repository ls Restore a specific backup snapshot to a target directory; bup ;d path/to/repository restore ;C path/to/target_directory backup_name cal Prints calendar information, with the current day highlighted
 * github.com/bup/bup.

Display a calendar for the current month; cal Display previous, current and next month; cal ;3 Use Monday as the first day of the week; cal ;;monday Display a calendar for a specific year (4 digits); cal year Display a calendar for a specific month and year; cal month year cat Print and concatenate files
 * manned.org/cal.

cat.

Print the contents of a file to the standard output; cat file Concatenate several files into the target file; cat file1 file2 > target_file Append several files into the target file; cat file1 file2 >> target_file Number all output lines; cat ;n file Display non;printable and whitespace characters (with M* prefix if non;ASCII); cat ;v ;t ;e file cdk A CLI for AWS Cloud Development Kit (CDK)

List the stacks in the app; cdk ls Synthesize and print the CloudFormation template for the specified stack(s); cdk synth stack_name Deploy a space;separated list of stacks; cdk deploy stack_name Destroy a space;separated list of stacks; cdk destroy stack_name Compare the specified stack with the deployed stack or a local CloudFormation template; cdk diff stack_name Create a new CDK project in the current directory for a specified language; cdk init ;l language_name Open the CDK API reference in your browser; cdk doc clj Clojure tool to start a REPL or invoke a specific function with data.All options can be defined in a deps.edn file
 * docs.aws.amazon.com/cdk/latest/guide/cli.html.

Start a REPL; clj Execute a function; clj ;X namespace/function_name Run the main function of a specified namespace; clj ;M ;m namespace args Prepare a project by resolving dependencies, downloading libraries, and making / caching classpaths; clj ;P Start an nREPL server with the CIDER middleware; clj ;Sdeps ';deps nrepl ;mvn/version "0.7.0" cider/cider;nrepl ;mvn/version "0.25.2"' ;m nrepl.cmdline ;;middleware '["cider.nrepl/cider;middleware"]' ;;interactive Start a REPL for ClojureScript and open a web browser; clj ;Sdeps ';deps org.clojure/clojurescript ;mvn/version "1.10.758"' ;;main cljs.main ;;repl cmp Compare two files byte by byte
 * clojure.org/guides/deps_and_cli.

Find the byte and line number of the first difference between two files; cmp path/to/file1 path/to/file2 Find the byte number and differing bytes of every difference; cmp ;l path/to/file1 path/to/file2 csc The Microsoft C# Compiler
 * www.gnu.org/software/diffutils/manual/html_node/Invoking;cmp.html.

Compile one or More C# files to a CIL executable;
 * docs.microsoft.com/dotnet/csharp/language;reference/compiler;options/command;line;building;with;csc;exe.

csc path/to/input_file_a.cs path/to/input_file_b.cs Specify the output filename; csc /out;path/to/filename path/to/input_file.cs Compile into a .dll library instead of an executable; csc /target;library path/to/input_file.cs Reference another assembly; csc /reference;path/to/library.dll path/to/input_file.cs Embed a resource; csc /resource;path/to/resource_file path/to/input_file.cs Automatically generate XML documentation; csc /doc;path/to/output.xml path/to/input_file.cs Specify an icon; csc /win32icon;path/to/icon.ico path/to/input_file.cs Strongly;name the resulting assembly with a keyfile; csc /keyfile;path/to/keyfile path/to/input_file.cs ctr Manage containerd containers and images

List all containers (running and stopped); ctr containers list List all images; ctr images list Pull an image; ctr images pull image Tag an image; ctr images tag souce_image;source_tag target_image;target_tag cut Cut out fields from stdin or files
 * containerd.io.

cut.

Cut out the first sixteen characters of each line of stdin; cut ;c 1;16 Cut out the first sixteen characters of each line of the given files; cut ;c 1;16 file Cut out everything from the 3rd character to the end of each line; cut ;c 3; Cut out the fifth field of each line, using a colon as a field delimiter (default delimiter is tab); cut ;d';' ;f5 Cut out the 2nd and 10th fields of each line, using a semicolon as a delimiter; cut ;d';' ;f2,10 Cut out the fields 3 through to the end of each line, using a space as a delimiter; cut ;d' ' ;f3; dcg Drupal code generator

Start a wizard to choose what kind of code (e.g. module, service, form, etc.) to generate; dcg Directly specify the kind of code to generate; dcg service|plugin|theme|module|form Generate the code in a specific directory; dcg ;;directory path/to/directory dep A CLI tool for deployment of PHP applications.Note* The Go command dep with the same name is deprecated and archived
 * github.com/Chi;teck/drupal;code;generator.

Interactively initialize deployer in the local path (use a framework template with ;;template=template); dep init Deploy an application to a remote host; dep deploy hostname Rollback to the previous working release; dep rollback Connect to a remote host via ssh; dep ssh hostname List commands; dep list Run any arbitrary command on the remote hosts; dep run "command" Display help for a command; dep help command dex DesktopEntry Execution is a program to generate and execute DesktopEntry files of the Application type
 * deployer.org.

Execute all programs in the autostart folders; dex ;;autostart Execute all programs in the specified folders; dex ;;autostart ;;search;paths path/to/directory1;path/to/directory2;path/to/directory3; Preview the programs would be executed in a GNOME specific autostart; dex ;;autostart ;;environment GNOME Preview the programs would be executed in a regular autostart; dex ;;autostart ;;dry;run Preview the value of the DesktopEntry property Name; dex ;;property Name path/to/file.desktop Create a DesktopEntry for a program in the current directory; dex ;;create path/to/file.desktop Execute a single program (with Terminal=true in the desktop file) in the given terminal; dex ;;term terminal path/to/file.desktop dfc Gives an overview of the filesystem disk space usage with colours and graphs
 * github.com/jceb/dex.

Display filesystems and their disk usage in human;readable form with colours and graphs; dfc Display all filesystems including pseudo, duplicate and inaccessible filesystems; dfc ;a Display filesystems without colour; dfc ;c never Display filesystems containing "ext" in the filesystem type; dfc ;t ext dig DNS Lookup utility
 * projects.gw;computing.net/projects/dfc/wiki.

Lookup the IP(s) associated with a hostname (A records); dig +short example.com Get a detailed answer for a given domain (A records); dig +noall +answer example.com Query a specific DNS record type associated with a given domain name; dig +short example.com A|MX|TXT|CNAME|NS Get all types of records for a given domain name; dig example.com ANY Specify an alternate DNS server to query; dig @8.8.8.8 example.com Perform a reverse DNS lookup on an IP address (PTR record); dig ;x 8.8.8.8 Find authoritative name servers for the zone and display SOA records; dig +nssearch example.com Perform iterative queries and display the entire trace path to resolve a domain name; dig +trace example.com dnf Package management utility for RHEL, Fedora, and CentOS (replaces yum)
 * manpages.debian.org/dnsutils/dig.1.html.

Upgrade installed packages to the newest available versions; sudo dnf upgrade Search packages via keywords; dnf search keywords Display details about a package; dnf info package Install a new package; sudo dnf install package Install a new package and assume yes to all questions; sudo dnf ;y install package Remove a package; sudo dnf remove package List installed packages; dnf list ;;installed Find which packages provide a given file; dnf provides file dot Render an image of a linear directed network graph from a graphviz file.Layouts* dot, neato, twopi, circo, fdp, sfdp, osage & patchwork
 * dnf.readthedocs.io/.

Render a png image with a filename based on the input filename and output format (uppercase ;O); dot ;T png ;O path/to/input.gv Render a svg image with the specified output filename (lowercase ;o); dot ;T svg ;o path/to/image.svg path/to/input.gv Render the output in ps, pdf, svg, fig, png, gif, jpg, json, or dot format; dot ;T format ;O path/to/input.gv Render a gif image using stdin and stdout; echo "digraph this ;> that " | dot ;T gif > path/to/image.gif Display help; dot ;? dua Dua (Disk Usage Analyzer) is a tool to conveniently learn about the usage of disk space of a given directory
 * graphviz.org/doc/info/command.html.

Analyze specific directory; dua path/to/directory Display apparent size instead of disk usage; dua ;;apparent;size Count hard;linked files each time they are seen; dua ;;count;hard;links Aggregate the consumed space of one or More directories or files;
 * github.com/Byron/dua;cli.

dua aggregate Launch the terminal user interface; dua interactive Format printing byte counts; dua ;;format metric|binary|bytes|GB|GiB|MB|MiB Set the number of threads to be used; dua ;;threads count dvc Data Version Control* like git for data

Check the DVC version; dvc ;;version Display general help; dvc ;;help Display help about a specific subcommand; dvc subcommand ;;help Execute a DVC subcommand; dvc subcommand ect Efficient Compression Tool.File optimizer written in C++. It supports .png, .jpg, .gzip and .zip files
 * dvc.org/.

Compress a file; ect path/to/file.png Compress a file with specified compression level and multithreading (1=Fastest (Worst), 9=Slowest (Best), default is 3); ect ;9 ;;mt;deflate path/to/file.zip Compress all files in a directory recursively; ect ;recurse path/to/directory Compress a file, keeping the original modification time; ect ;keep path/to/file.png Compress a file, stripping metadata; ect ;strip path/to/file.png eix Utilities for searching local Gentoo packages.Update local package cache using eix;update
 * github.com/fhanau/Efficient;Compression;Tool.

Search for a package; eix package_name Search for installed packages; eix ;;installed package_name Search in package descriptions; eix ;;description "description" Search by package license; eix ;;license license Exclude results from search; eix ;;not ;;license license elm Compile and run Elm source files
 * wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Eix.

Initialize an Elm project, generates an elm.json file; elm init Start interactive Elm shell; elm repl Compile an Elm file, output the result to an index.html file; elm make source Compile an Elm file, output the result to a JavaScript file; elm make source ;;output=destination.js Start local web server that compiles Elm files on page load; elm reactor Install Elm package from ;package.elm;lang.org; elm install author/package env Show the environment or run a program in a modified environment
 * elm;lang.org.

env.

Show the environment; env Run a program. Often used in scripts after the shebang (#!) for looking up the path to the program; env program Clear the environment and run a program; env ;i program Remove variable from the environment and run a program; env ;u variable program Set a variable and run a program; env variable=value program Set multiple variables and run a program; env variable1=value variable2=value variable3=value program erl Run and manage programs in the Erlang programming language

Compile and run sequential Erlang program as a common script and then exit; erlc files && erl ;noshell 'mymodule;myfunction(arguments), init;stop.' Connect to a running Erlang node; erl ;remsh nodename@hostname ;sname custom_shortname ;hidden ;setcookie cookie_of_remote_node Tell the Erlang shell to load modules from a directory; erl ;pa directory_with_beam_files eva Simple calculator REPL, similar to bc, with syntax highlighting and persistent history
 * www.erlang.org.

Run the calculator in interactive mode; eva Calculate the result of an expression; eva "(1 + 2) * 2 ^ 2" Calculate an expression forcing the number of decimal places to 5; eva ;;fix 5 "5 / 3" Calculate an expression with sine and cosine; eva "sin(1) + cos(1)" exa A modern replacement for ls (List directory contents)
 * github.com/NerdyPepper/eva.

List files one per line; exa ;;oneline List all files, including hidden files; exa ;;all Long format list (permissions, ownership, size and modification date) of all files; exa ;;long ;;all List files with the largest at the top; exa ;;reverse ;;sort=size Display a tree of files, three levels deep; exa ;;long ;;tree ;;level=3 List files sorted by modification date (oldest first); exa ;;long ;;sort=modified List files with their headers, icons, and Git statuses; exa ;;long ;;header ;;icons ;;git Don't list files mentioned in .gitignore; exa ;;git;ignore fdp Render an image of a force;directed network graph from a graphviz file.Layouts* dot, neato, twopi, circo, fdp, sfdp, osage & patchwork
 * the.exa.website.

Render a png image with a filename based on the input filename and output format (uppercase ;O); fdp ;T png ;O path/to/input.gv Render a svg image with the specified output filename (lowercase ;o); fdp ;T svg ;o path/to/image.svg path/to/input.gv Render the output in ps, pdf, svg, fig, png, gif, jpg, json, or dot format; fdp ;T format ;O path/to/input.gv Render a gif image using stdin and stdout; echo "digraph this ;> that " | fdp ;T gif > path/to/image.gif Display help; fdp ;? feh Lightweight image viewing utility
 * graphviz.org/doc/info/command.html.

View images locally or using a URL; feh path/to/images View images recursively; feh ;;recursive path/to/images View images without window borders; feh ;;borderless path/to/images Exit after the last image; feh ;;cycle;once path/to/images Set the slideshow cycle delay; feh ;;slideshow;delay seconds path/to/images Set your wallpaper (centered, filled, maximized, scaled or tiled); feh ;;bg;center|fill|max|scale|tile path/to/image Create a montage of all images within a directory. Outputs as a new image; feh ;;montage ;;thumb;height 150 ;;thumb;width 150 ;;index;info "%nn%wx%h" ;;output path/to/montage_image.png ffe Extract fields from a flat database file and write to another format.A configuration file is required to interpret the input and format the output
 * feh.finalrewind.org.

http;ff;extractor.sourceforge.net/ffe.html. Display all input data using the specified data configuration; ffe ;;configuration=path/to/config.ffe path/to/input Convert an input file to an output file in a new format; ffe ;;output=path/to/output ;c path/to/config.ffe path/to/input Select input structure and print format from definitions in ~/.fferc config file; ffe ;;structure=structure ;;print=format path/to/input Write only the selected fields; ffe ;;field;list="FirstName,LastName,Age" ;c path/to/config.ffe path/to/input Write only the records that match an expression; ffe ;e "LastName=Smith" ;c path/to/config.ffe path/to/input Display help; ffe ;;help fin Docksal command;line utility

Start the project in the current directory; fin project start Stop the project in the current directory; fin project stop Open a shell into a specific container; fin bash container_name Display logs of a specific container; fin logs container_name Display logs of a specific container and follow the log; fin logs ;f container_name fls List files and directories in an image file or device
 * docs.docksal.io/fin/fin/.

Build a recursive fls list over a device, output paths will start with C; fls ;r ;m C* /dev/loop1p1 Analyse a single partition, providing the sector offset at which the filesystem starts in the image; fls ;r ;m C* ;o sector path/to/image_file Analyse a single partition, providing the timezone of the original system; fls ;r ;m C* ;z timezone /dev/loop1p1 fly Command;line tool for concourse;ci
 * wiki.sleuthkit.org/index.php?title=Fls.

Authenticate with and save concourse target; fly ;;target target_name login ;;team;name team_name ;c ;ci.example.com List targets; fly targets List pipelines; fly ;t target_name pipelines Upload or update a pipeline; fly ;t target_name set;pipeline ;;config pipeline.yml ;;pipeline pipeline_name Unpause pipeline; fly ;t target_name unpause;pipeline ;;pipeline pipeline_name Show pipeline configuration; fly ;t target_name get;pipeline ;;pipeline pipeline_name Update local copy of fly; fly ;t target_name sync Destroy pipeline; fly ;t target_name destroy;pipeline ;;pipeline pipeline_name fmt Reformat a text file by joining its paragraphs and limiting the line width to given number of characters (75 by default)
 * concourse;ci.org/fly.html.

fmt.

Reformat a file; fmt path/to/file Reformat a file producing output lines of (at most) n characters; fmt ;w n path/to/file Reformat a file without joining lines shorter than the given width together; fmt ;s path/to/file Reformat a file with uniform spacing (1 space between words and 2 spaces between paragraphs); fmt ;u path/to/file fnm Fast Node.js version manager.Install, uninstall or switch between Node.js versions

Install a specific version of Node.js; fnm install node_version List all available Node.js versions and highlight the default one; fnm ls Use a specific version of Node.js in the current shell; fnm use node_version Set the default Node.js version; fnm default node_version Uninstall a given Node.js version; fnm uninstall node_version for Shell loop over parameters
 * github.com/Schniz/fnm.

Perform a command with different arguments; for argument in 1 2 3* do command $argument* done Perform a command in every directory; for d in ** do (cd $d* command)* done ftp Tools to interact with a server via File Transfer Protocol
 * man.archlinux.org/man/for.n.

Connect to an FTP server; ftp ftp.example.com Switch to binary transfer mode (graphics, compressed files, etc); binary Transfer multiple files without prompting for confirmation on every file; prompt off Download multiple files (glob expression); mget *.png Upload multiple files (glob expression); mput *.zip Delete multiple files on the remote server; mdelete *.txt Rename a file on the remote server; rename original_filename new_filename fzf Command;line fuzzy finder.Similar to sk
 * manned.org/ftp.

Start fzf on all files in the specified directory; find path/to/directory ;type f | fzf Start fzf for running processes; ps aux | fzf Select multiple files with Shift + Tab and write to a file; find path/to/directory ;type f | fzf ;;multi > filename Start fzf with a specified query; fzf ;;query "query" Start fzf on entries that start with core and end with either go, rb, or py; fzf ;;query "^core go$ | rb$ | py$" Start fzf on entries that not match pyc and match exactly travis; fzf ;;query "!pyc 'travis" gcc Preprocess and compile C and C++ source files, then assemble and link them together
 * github.com/junegunn/fzf.

Compile multiple source files into executable; gcc source1.c source2.c ;;output executable Allow warnings, debug symbols in output; gcc source.c ;Wall ;Og ;;output executable Include libraries from a different path; gcc source.c ;;output executable ;Iheader_path ;Llibrary_path ;llibrary_name Compile source code into Assembler instructions; gcc ;S source.c Compile source code without linking; gcc ;c source.c gdb The GNU Debugger
 * gcc.gnu.org.

Debug an executable; gdb executable Attach a process to gdb; gdb ;p procID Debug with a core file; gdb ;c core executable Execute given GDB commands upon start; gdb ;ex "commands" executable Start gdb and pass arguments to the executable; gdb ;;args executable argument1 argument2 gem Interact with the package manager for the Ruby programming language
 * www.gnu.org/software/gdb.

Search for remote gem(s) and show all available versions; gem search regular_expression ;;all Install the latest version of a gem; gem install gemname Install specific version of a gem; gem install gemname ;;version 1.0.0 Install the latest matching (SemVer) version of a gem; gem install gemname ;;version '~> 1.0' Update a gem; gem update gemname List all local gems; gem list Uninstall a gem; gem uninstall gemname Uninstall specific version of a gem; gem uninstall gemname ;;version 1.0.0 ghc The Glasgow Haskell Compiler.Compiles and links Haskell source files
 * rubygems.org.

Find and compile all modules in the current directory; ghc Main Compile a single file; ghc file.hs Compile using extra optimization; ghc ;O file.hs Stop compilation after generating object files (.o); ghc ;c file.hs Run Haskell interactive interpreter (REPL); ghci Evaluate a single expression; ghc ;e expression git Distributed version control system
 * www.haskell.org/ghc.

Check the Git version; git ;;version Show general help; git ;;help Show help on a Git subcommand (like commit, log, etc.); git help subcommand Execute a Git subcommand; git subcommand Execute a Git subcommand on a custom repository root path; git ;C path/to/repo subcommand Execute a Git subcommand with a given configuration set; git ;c 'config.key=value' subcommand gox A tool for cross;compiling Go programs
 * git;scm.com/.

Compile Go program in the current directory for all operating systems and architecture combinations; gox Download and compile a Go program from a remote URL; gox url_1 url_2 Compile current directory for a particular operating system; gox ;os="os" Compile current directory for a single operating system and architecture combination; gox ;osarch="os/arch" gpg GNU Privacy Guard.See gpg2 for GNU Privacy Guard 2
 * github.com/mitchellh/gox.

Create a GPG public and private key interactively; gpg ;;full;generate;key Sign doc.txt without encryption (writes output to doc.txt.asc); gpg ;;clearsign doc.txt Encrypt doc.txt for alice@example.com (output to doc.txt.gpg); gpg ;;encrypt ;;recipient alice@example.com doc.txt Encrypt doc.txt with only a passphrase (output to doc.txt.gpg); gpg ;;symmetric doc.txt Decrypt doc.txt.gpg (output to stdout); gpg ;;decrypt doc.txt.gpg Import a public key; gpg ;;import public.gpg Export public key for alice@example.com (output to stdout); gpg ;;export ;;armor alice@example.com Export private key for alice@example.com (output to stdout); gpg ;;export;secret;keys ;;armor alice@example.com hub A wrapper for Git that adds commands for working with GitHub;based projects.If set up as instructed by hub alias, one can use git to run hub commands
 * gnupg.org.

Clone a repository using its slug (owners can omit the username); hub clone username/repo_name Create a fork of the current repository (cloned from another user) under your GitHub profile; hub fork Push the current local branch to GitHub and create a PR for it in the original repository; hub push remote_name && hub pull;request Create a PR of the current (already pushed) branch, reusing the message from the first commit; hub pull;request ;;no;edit Create a new branch with the contents of a pull request and switch to it; hub pr checkout pr_number Upload the current (local;only) repository to your GitHub account; hub create Fetch Git objects from upstream and update local branches; hub sync iex IEx is the interactive shell for Elixir
 * hub.github.com.

Start an interactive session; iex Start a session that remembers history; iex ;;erl ";kernel shell_history enabled" Start and load Mix project files; iex ;S mix jar Java Applications/Libraries Packager
 * hexdocs.pm/iex.

Recursively archive all files in the current directory into a .jar file; jar cf file.jar * Unzip .jar/.war file to the current directory; jar ;xvf file.jar List a .jar/.war file content; jar tf path/to/file.jar List a .jar/.war file content with verbose output; jar tvf path/to/file.jar jps Show JVM Process Status of current user
 * docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/deployment/jar/basicsindex.html.

List all JVM processes; jps List all JVM processes with only PID; jps ;q Display the arguments passed to the processes; jps ;m Display the full package name of all processes; jps ;l Display the arguments passed to the JVM; jps ;v jwt A command;line tool to work with JSON Web Tokens (JWTs).Encryption algorithms available are HS256, HS384, HS512, RS256, RS384, RS512, ES256, ES384
 * docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/11/tools/jps.html.

Decode a JWT; jwt decode jwt_string Decode a JWT as a JSON string; jwt decode ;j jwt_string Encode a JSON string to a JWT; jwt encode ;;alg HS256 ;;secret 1234567890 'json_string' Encode key pair payload to JWT; jwt encode ;;alg HS256 ;;secret 1234567890 ;P key=value kak Kakoune is a mode;based code editor implementing the "multiple selections" paradigm.Data can be selected and simultaneously edited in different locations, using multiple selections* users can also connect to the same session for collaborative editing
 * github.com/mike;engel/jwt;cli.

Open a file and enter normal mode, to execute commands; kak path/to/file Enter insert mode from normal mode, to write text into the file; i Escape insert mode, to go back to normal mode;  Replace all instances of "foo" in the current file with "bar"; %sfoocbar Unselect all secondary selections, and keep only the main one;  Search for numbers and select the first two; /\d+N Insert the contents of a file; !cat path/to/file Save the current file; ;w kjv The word of God available right on your desktop
 * kakoune.org.

Display books; kjv ;l Open a specific book; kjv Genesis Open a specific chapter of a book; kjv Genesis 2 Open a specific verse of a specific chapter of a book; kjv John 3;16 Open a specific range of verses of a book's chapter; kjv Proverbs 3;1;6 Display a specific range of verses of a book from different chapters; kjv Matthew 1;7;2;6 Display all verses that match a pattern; kjv /Plagues Display all verses that match a pattern in a specific book; kjv 1Jn/antichrist ksh Korn Shell, a Bash;compatible command;line interpreter.See also histexpand for history expansion
 * github.com/bontibon/kjv.

http;kornshell.com. Start an interactive shell session; ksh Execute a command and then exit; ksh ;c "command" Execute a script; ksh path/to/script.ksh Execute a script, printing each command before executing it; ksh ;x path/to/script.ksh ldd Display shared library dependencies

Display shared library dependencies of a binary; ldd path/to/binary Display unused direct dependencies; ldd ;u path/to/binary lex Lexical analyser generator.Given the specification for a lexical analyser, generates C code implementing it.
 * manned.org/ldd.

Generate an analyser from a Lex file; lex analyser.l Specify the output file; lex analyser.l ;;outfile analyser.c Compile a C file generated by Lex; cc path/to/lex.yy.c ;;output executable loc Tool written in Rust that counts lines of code

Print lines of code in the current directory; loc Print lines of code in the target directory; loc path/to/directory Print lines of code with stats for individual files; loc ;;files Print lines of code without .gitignore (etc.) files (e.g. two ;u flags will additionally count hidden files and dirs); loc ;u lpr CUPS tool for printing files.See also lpstat and lpadmin for listing and configuring printers
 * github.com/cgag/loc.

http;www.CUPS.org. Print a file to the default printer; lpr path/to/file Print 2 copies; lpr ;# 2 path/to/file Print to a named printer; lpr ;P printer path/to/file Print either a single page (e.g. 2) or a range of pages (e.g. 2–16); lpr ;o page;ranges=2|2;16 path/to/file Print double;sided either in portrait (long) or in landscape (short); lpr ;o sides=two_sided_long_edge|two_sided_short_edge path/to/file Set page size More options may be available depending on setup);

lpr ;o media=a4|letter|legal path/to/file Print multiple pages per sheet; lpr ;o number;up=2|4|6|9|16 path/to/file lua A powerful, light;weight embeddable programming language

Start an interactive Lua shell; lua Execute a Lua script; lua script_name.lua ;;optional;argument Execute a Lua expression; lua ;e 'print( "Hello World" )' lvm Manage physical volumes, volume groups, and logical volumes using the Logical Volume Manager (LVM) interactive shell
 * www.lua.org.

Start the Logical Volume Manager interactive shell; sudo lvm List the Logical Volume Manager commands; sudo lvm help Initialize a drive or partition to be used as a physical volume; sudo lvm pvcreate /dev/sdXY Display information about physical volumes; sudo lvm pvdisplay Create a volume group called vg1 from the physical volume on /dev/sdXY; sudo lvm vgcreate vg1 /dev/sdXY Display information about volume groups; sudo lvm vgdisplay Create a logical volume with size 10G from volume group vg1; sudo lvm lvcreate ;L 10G vg1 Display information about logical volumes; sudo lvm lvdisplay lvs Display information about logical volumes.See also* lvm
 * man7.org/linux/man;pages/man8/lvm.8.html.

Display information about logical volumes; lvs Display all logical volumes; lvs ;a Change default display to show More details;
 * man7.org/linux/man;pages/man8/lvs.8.html.

lvs ;v Display only specific fields; lvs ;o field_name_1,field_name_2 Append field to default display; lvs ;o +field_name Suppress heading line; lvs ;;noheadings Use a separator to separate fields; lvs ;;separator = lxc Manage Linux containers using the lxd REST API.Any container names or patterns can be prefixed with the name of a remote server

List local containers matching a string. Omit the string to list all local containers; lxc list match_string List images matching a string. Omit the string to list all images; lxc image list [remote;]match_string Create a new container from an image; lxc init [remote;]image container Start a container; lxc start [remote;]container Stop a container; lxc stop [remote;]container Show detailed info about a container; lxc info [remote;]container Take a snapshot of a container; lxc snapshot [remote;]container snapshot lxi Control LXI compatible instruments such as oscilloscopes
 * manned.org/lxc.

Discover LXI devices on available networks; lxi discover Capture a screenshot, detecting a plugin automatically; lxi screenshot ;;address ip_address Capture a screenshot using a specified plugin; lxi screenshot ;;address ip_address ;;plugin rigol;1000z Send an SCPI command to an instrument; lxi scpi ;;address ip_address "*IDN?" Run a benchmark for request and response performance; lxi benchmark ;;address ip_address man Format and display manual pages
 * github.com/lxi;tools/lxi;tools.

Display the man page for a command; man command Display the man page for a command from section 7; man command.7 Display the path searched for manpages; man ;;path Display the location of a manpage rather than the manpage itself; man ;w command Display the man page using a specific locale; man command ;;locale=locale Search for manpages containing a search string; man ;k "search_string" mas Command;line interface for the Mac App Store
 * www.man7.org/linux/man;pages/man1/man.1.html.

Sign into the Mac App Store for the first time; mas signin user@example.com Show all installed applications and their product identifiers; mas list Search for an application, displaying the price alongside the results; mas search application ;;price Install or update an application; mas install product_identifier Install all pending updates; mas upgrade mdp A command;line based tool to make presentations from Markdown files
 * github.com/mas;cli/mas.

Launch a presentation in the terminal from a Markdown file; mdp presentation.md Disable fading transitions; mdp ;;nofade presentation.md Invert font colors to use in terminals with light background; mdp ;;invert presentation.md Disable transparency in transparent terminals; mdp ;;notrans presentation.md mix Mix is a build tool that provides tasks for creating, compiling, and testing Elixir projects, managing its dependencies, and
 * github.com/visit1985/mdp.

More

Execute a particular file; mix run my_script.exs Create a new project; mix new project_name Compile project; mix compile Run project tests; mix test List all mix commands; mix help mlr Miller is like awk, sed, cut, join, and sort for name;indexed data such as CSV, TSV, and tabular JSON
 * hexdocs.pm/mix.

Pretty;print a CSV file in a tabular format; mlr ;;icsv ;;opprint cat example.csv Receive JSON data and pretty print the output; echo '"hello";"world"' | mlr ;;ijson ;;opprint cat Sort alphabetically on a field; mlr ;;icsv ;;opprint sort ;f field example.csv Sort in descending numerical order on a field; mlr ;;icsv ;;opprint sort ;nr field example.csv Convert CSV to JSON, performing calculations and display those calculations; mlr ;;icsv ;;ojson put '$newField1 = $oldFieldA/$oldFieldB' example.csv Receive JSON and format the output as vertical JSON; echo '"hello";"world", "foo";"bar"' | mlr ;;ijson ;;ojson ;;jvstack cat Filter lines of a compressed CSV file treating numbers as strings; mlr ;;prepipe 'gunzip' ;;csv filter ;S '$fieldName =~ "regular_expression"' example.csv.gz mmv Move and rename files in bulk.
 * johnkerl.org/miller/doc.

Rename all files with a certain extension to a different extension; mmv "*.old_extension" "#1.new_extension" Copy report6part4.txt to ./french/rapport6partie4.txt along with all similarly named files; mmv ;c "report*part*.txt" "./french/rapport#1partie#2.txt" Append all .txt files into one file; mmv ;a "*.txt" "all.txt" Convert dates in filenames from "M;D;Y" format to "D;M;Y" format; mmv "[0;1][0;9];[0;3][0;9];[0;9][0;9][0;9][0;9].txt" "#3#4;#1#2;#5#6#7#8.txt" moe A WYSIWYG text editor for ISO;8859;15 encoded text

Open moe and create a backup file (file~) when saving edits; moe path/to/file Open a file as read;only; moe ;;read;only path/to/file Edit a file without creating backups; moe ;;no;backup path/to/file Edit a file ignoring case in searches; moe ;;ignore;case path/to/file Save and Quit; Ctrl + X mpc Music Player Client.Program for controlling the Music Player Daemon (MPD)
 * www.gnu.org/software/moe/moe.html.

Toggle play/pause; mpc toggle Stop playing; mpc stop Show information about the currently playing song; mpc status Play next song; mpc next Play previous song; mpc prev Forward or rewind the currently playing song; mpc [+;]seconds mpv A audio/video player based on MPlayer
 * www.musicpd.org/clients/mpc.

Play a video or audio file; mpv file Play a video or audio file from a URL; mpv ';www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ' Jump backward/forward 5 seconds; LEFT  RIGHT Jump backward/forward 1 minute; DOWN  UP Decrease or increase playback speed by 10%; [  ] Play a file at a specified speed (0.01 to 100, default 1); mpv ;;speed speed file Play a file using a profile defined in the mpv.conf file; mpv ;;profile profile_name file Display the output of webcam or other video input device; mpv /dev/video0 mtr Matt's Traceroute* combined traceroute and ping tool
 * mpv.io.

Traceroute to a host and continuously ping all intermediary hops; mtr host Disable IP address and host name mapping; mtr ;n host Generate output after pinging each hop 10 times; mtr ;w host Force IP IPv4 or IPV6; mtr ;4 host Wait for a given time (in seconds) before sending another packet to the same hop; mtr ;i seconds host mvn Apache Maven.Tool for building and managing Java;based projects
 * bitwizard.nl/mtr.

Compile a project; mvn compile Compile and package the compiled code in its distributable format, such as a jar; mvn package Compile and package, skipping unit tests; mvn package ;Dmaven.test.skip=true Install the built package in local maven repository. (This will invoke the compile and package commands too); mvn install Delete build artifacts from the target directory; mvn clean Do a clean and then invoke the package phase; mvn clean package Clean and then package the code with a given build profile; mvn clean ;Pprofile package Run a class with a main method; mvn exec;java ;Dexec.mainClass="com.example.Main" ;Dexec.args="arg1 arg2" ncc Compile a Node.js application into a single file.Supports TypeScript, binary addons and dynamic requires
 * maven.apache.org.

Bundle a Node.js application; ncc build path/to/file.js Bundle and minify a Node.js application; ncc build ;;minify path/to/file.js Bundle and minify a Node.js application and generate source maps; ncc build ;;source;map path/to/file.js Automatically recompile on changes to source files; ncc build ;;watch path/to/file.js Bundle a Node.js application into a temporary directory and run it for testing; ncc run path/to/file.js Clean the ncc cache; ncc clean cache ned Is like grep but with powerful replace capabilities.Unlike sed, as it isn't restricted to line oriented editing
 * github.com/vercel/ncc.

Recursively search starting in the current directory, ignoring case; ned ;;ignore;case ;;recursive '^[dl]og'. Search always showing colored output; ned ;;colors '^[dl]og'. Search never showing colored output; ned ;;colors=never '^[dl]og'. Search ignoring certain files; ned ;;recursive ;;exclude '*.htm' '^[dl]og'. Simple replace; ned 'dog' ;;replace 'cat'. Replace using numbered group references; ned 'the ([a;z]+) dog and the ([a;z]+) dog' ;;replace 'the $2 dog and the $1 dog'. Replace changing case; ned '([a;z]+) dog' ;;case;replacements ;;replace '\U$1\E! dog' ;;stdout. Preview results of a find and replace without updating the target files; ned '^[sb]ad' ;;replace 'happy' ;;stdout. nft Allows configuration of tables, chains and rules provided by the Linux kernel firewall.Nftables replaces iptables.
 * github.com/nevdelap/ned.

View current configuration; sudo nft list ruleset Add a new table with family "inet" and table "filter"; sudo nft add table inet filter Add a new chain to accept all inbound traffic; sudo nft add chain inet filter input \ type filter hook input priority 0 \* policy accept \ Add a new rule to accept several TCP ports; sudo nft add rule inet filter input tcp dport \ telnet, ssh, http, \ accept Show rule handles; sudo nft ;;handle ;;numeric list chain family table chain Delete a rule; sudo nft delete rule inet filter input handle 3 Save current configuration; sudo nft list ruleset > /etc/nftables.conf nim The Nim compiler.Processes, compiles and links Nim language source files

Compile a source file; nim compile file.nim Compile and run a source file; nim compile ;r file.nim Compile a source file with release optimizations enabled; nim compile ;d;release file.nim Build a release binary optimized for low file size; nim compile ;d;release ;;opt;size file.nim Generate HTML documentation for a module (output will be placed in the current directory); nim doc file.nim nix Utilities for the Nix language and store
 * nim;lang.org.

Search for a package via its name or description; nix search search_term Start a Nix shell with the specified packages available; nix run nixpkgs.pkg1 nixpkgs.pkg2 nixpkgs.pkg3... Optimise Nix store disk usage by combining duplicate files; nix optimise;store Start an interactive environment for evaluating Nix expressions; nix repl Upgrade Nix to the latest stable version; nix upgrade;nix nkf Network kanji filter.Converts kanji code from one encoding to another.
 * nixos.org.

Convert to UTF;8 encoding; nkf ;w path/to/file.txt Convert to SHIFT_JIS encoding; nkf ;s path/to/file.txt Convert to UTF;8 encoding and overwrite the file; nkf ;w ;;overwrite path/to/file.txt Set new line code to LF and overwrite (UNIX type); nkf ;d ;;overwrite path/to/file.txt Set new line code to CRLF and overwrite (windows type); nkf ;c ;;overwrite path/to/file.txt Decrypt mime file and overwrite; nkf ;m ;;overwrite path/to/file.txt nms Command;line tool that recreates the famous data decryption effect seen in the 1992 movie Sneakers from stdin

More;secrets.
 * github.com/bartobri/no

Decrypt text after a keystroke; echo "Hello, World!" | nms Decrypt output immediately, without waiting for a keystroke; ls ;la | nms ;a Decrypt the content of a file, with a custom output color; cat path/to/file | nms ;a ;f blue|white|yellow|black|magenta|green|red Clear the screen before decrypting; command | nms ;a ;c now Cloud platform for serverless deployment.This command is deprecated. See vercel, the updated version of this tool

Deploy the current directory; now Display a list of deployments; now list Display information related to a deployment; now inspect deployment_url Remove a deployment; now remove deployment_id Log in into an account or create a new one; now login Initialize an example project (a new directory will be created); now init npm JavaScript and Node.js package manager.Manage Node.js projects and their module dependencies
 * zeit.co/now.

Interactively create a package.json file; npm init Download all the packages listed as dependencies in package.json; npm install Download a specific version of a package and add it to the list of dependencies in package.json; npm install module_name@version Download a package and add it to the list of dev dependencies in package.json; npm install module_name ;;save;dev Download a package and install it globally; npm install ;;global module_name Uninstall a package and remove it from the list of dependencies in package.json; npm uninstall module_name Print a tree of locally installed dependencies; npm list List top;level globally installed modules; npm list ;;global ;;depth=0 npx Execute binaries from npm packages
 * www.npmjs.com/.

Execute the binary from a given npm module; npx module_name In case a package has multiple binaries, specify the package name along with the binary; npx ;p package_name module_name View help contents; npx ;;help nrm NPM registry manager.Helps to easily switch between different npm registries
 * www.npmjs.com/package/npx.

List all registries; nrm ls Change to a particular registry; nrm use registry Show the response time for all registries; nrm test Add a custom registry; nrm add registry url Delete a registry; nrm del registry nvm Install, uninstall or switch between Node.js versions.Supports version numbers like "0.12" or "v4.2", and labels like "stable", "system", etc
 * github.com/Pana/nrm.

Install a specific version of Node.js; nvm install node_version Use a specific version of Node.js in the current shell; nvm use node_version Set the default Node.js version; nvm alias default node_version List all available Node.js versions and highlight the default one; nvm list Uninstall a given Node.js version; nvm uninstall node_version Launch the REPL of a specific version of Node.js; nvm run node_version ;;version Execute a script in a specific version of Node.js; nvm exec node_version node app.js obs Open Broadcaster Software.Video recording and livestreaming program.
 * github.com/creationix/nvm.

Launch OBS; obs Launch OBS in portable mode; obs ;;portable Automatically start recording a video on launch; obs ;;startrecording Automatically start the replay buffer on launch; obs ;;startreplaybuffer Automatically start streaming on launch; obs ;;startstreaming Minimise to the system tray on launch; obs ;;minimize;to;tray Make the log More verbose (for debugging);

obs ;;verbose omf Oh My Fish, the Fishshell Framework.Install packages to extend and modify the fish shell

Install one or More packages;
 * github.com/oh;my;fish/oh;my;fish.

omf install name List installed packages; omf list List available themes; omf theme Apply a theme; omf theme name Remove a theme or package; omf remove name Uninstall Oh My Fish; omf destroy opt A tool that takes LLVM source files and runs specified optimizations and/or analyses on them

Run an optimization or analysis on a bitcode file; opt ;passname path/to/file.bc ;S ;o file_opt.bc Output the Control Flow Graph of a function to a .dot file; opt ;dot;cfg ;S path/to/file.bc ;disable;output Optimize the program at level 2 and output the result to another file; opt ;O2 path/to/file.bc ;S ;o path/to/output_file.bc pax Archiving and copying utility.
 * llvm.org/docs/CommandGuide/opt.html.

List the contents of an archive; pax ;f archive.tar List the contents of a gzipped archive; pax ;zf archive.tar.gz Create an archive from files; pax ;wf target.tar path/to/file1 path/to/file2 path/to/file3 Create an archive from files, using output redirection; pax ;w path/to/file1 path/to/file2 path/to/file3 > target.tar Extract an archive into the current directory; pax ;rf source.tar Copy to a directory, while keeping the original metadata* target/ must exist; pax ;rw path/to/file1 path/to/directory1 path/to/directory2 target/ php PHP command;line interface

Parse and execute a PHP script; php file Check syntax on (i.e. lint) a PHP script; php ;l file Run PHP interactively; php ;a Run PHP code (Notes* Don't use <? ?> tags* escape double quotes with backslash); php ;r "code" Start a PHP built;in web server in the current directory; php ;S host;port Get a list of installed PHP extensions; php ;m Display information about the current PHP configuration; php ;i pio Development environment for embedded boards
 * php.net.

Show help and list subcommands; pio ;;help Print the version number and exit; pio ;;version Show help for a specific subcommand; pio subcommand ;;help pip Python package manager
 * docs.platformio.org/en/latest/core/userguide/.

Install a package (see pip install for More install examples);
 * pip.pypa.io.

pip install package_name Upgrade a package; pip install ;U package_name Uninstall a package; pip uninstall package_name Save installed packages to file; pip freeze > requirements.txt Show installed package info; pip show package_name pod Dependency manager for Swift and Objective;C Cocoa projects.

Create a Podfile for the current project with the default contents; pod init Download and install all pods defined in the Podfile (that haven't been installed before); pod install List all available pods; pod list Show the outdated pods (of those currently installed); pod outdated Update all currently installed pods to their newest version; pod update Update a specific (previously installed) pod to its newest version; pod update pod_name Remove CocoaPods from a Xcode project; pod deintegrate xcode_project ptx Generate a permuted index of words from one or

More text files

ptx.

Generate a permuted index where the first field of each line is an index reference; ptx ;;references path/to/file Generate a permuted index with automatically generated index references; ptx ;;auto;reference path/to/file Generate a permuted index with a fixed width; ptx ;;width=width_in_columns path/to/file Generate a permuted index with a list of filtered words; ptx ;;only;file=path/to/filter path/to/file Generate a permuted index with SYSV;style behaviors; ptx ;;traditional path/to/file pup Command;line HTML parsing tool

Transform a raw HTML file into a cleaned, indented, and colored format; cat index.html | pup ;;color Filter HTML by element tag name; cat index.html | pup 'tag' Filter HTML by id; cat index.html | pup 'div#id' Filter HTML by attribute value; cat index.html | pup 'input[type="text"]' Print all text from the filtered HTML elements and their children; cat index.html | pup 'div text' Print HTML as JSON; cat index.html | pup 'div json' pvs Display information about physical volumes.See also* lvm
 * github.com/ericchiang/pup.

Display information about physical volumes; pvs Display non;physical volumes; pvs ;a Change default display to show More details;
 * man7.org/linux/man;pages/man8/pvs.8.html.

pvs ;v Display only specific fields; pvs ;o field_name_1,field_name_2 Append field to default display; pvs ;o +field_name Suppress heading line; pvs ;;noheadings Use separator to separate fields; pvs ;;separator special_character pwd Print name of current/working directory

pwd.

Print the current directory; pwd Print the current directory, and resolve all symlinks (i.e. show the "physical" path); pwd ;P qcp Copy files using the default text editor to define the filenames

Copy a single file (open an editor with the source filename on the left and the target filename on the right); qcp source_file Copy multiple JPG files; qcp *.jpg Copy files, but swap the positions of the source and the target filenames in the editor; qcp ;;option swap *.jpg qmv Move files and directories using the default text editor to define the filenames
 * www.nongnu.org/renameutils/.

Move a single file (open an editor with the source filename on the left and the target filename on the right); qmv source_file Move multiple JPG files; qmv *.jpg Move multiple directories; qmv ;d path/to/directory1 path/to/directory2 path/to/directory3 Move all files and directories inside a directory; qmv ;;recursive path/to/directory Move files, but swap the positions of the source and the target filenames in the editor; qmv ;;option swap *.jpg rar The RAR archiver. Supports multi;volume archives that can be optionally self;extracting.
 * www.nongnu.org/renameutils/.

Archive 1 or More files;

rar a path/to/archive_name.rar path/to/file1 path/to/file2 path/to/file3 Archive a directory; rar a path/to/archive_name.rar path/to/directory Split the archive into parts of equal size (50M); rar a ;v50M ;R path/to/archive_name.rar path/to/file_or_directory Password protect the resulting archive; rar a ;ppassword path/to/archive_name.rar path/to/file_or_directory Encrypt file data and headers with password; rar a ;hppassword path/to/archive_name.rar path/to/file_or_directory Use a specific compression level (0;5); rar a ;mcompression_level path/to/archive_name.rar path/to/file_or_directory rbt RBTools is a set of command;line tools for working with Review Board and RBCommons

Post changes to Review Board; rbt post change_number Display the diff that will be sent to Review Board; rbt diff Land a change in a local branch or on a review request; rbt land branch_name Patch your tree with a change on a review request; rbt patch review_request_id Set up RBTool to talk to a repository; rbt setup;repo rev Reverse a line of text.
 * www.reviewboard.org/docs/rbtools/dev/.

Reverse the text string "hello"; echo "hello" | rev Reverse an entire file and print to stdout; rev file rig Utility to piece together a random first name, last name, street number and address, along with a geographically consistent (ie, they all match the same area) city, state, ZIP code, and area code

Display a random name (male or female) and address; rig Display a [m]ale (or [f]emale) random name and address; rig ;m|f Use data files from a specific directory (default is /usr/share/rig); rig ;d path/to/directory Display a specific number of identities; rig ;c number Display a specific number of female identities; rig ;f ;c number rpm RPM Package Manager.
 * manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/man6/rig.6.html.

Show version of httpd package; rpm ;q httpd List versions of all matching packages; rpm ;qa 'mariadb*' Forcibly install a package regardless of currently installed versions; rpm ;U package_name.rpm ;;force Identify owner of a file and show version of the package; rpm ;qf /etc/postfix/main.cf List package;owned files; rpm ;ql kernel Show scriptlets from an RPM file; rpm ;qp ;;scripts package_name.rpm Show changed, missing and/or incorrectly installed files of matching packages; rpm ;Va 'php;*' rtv Reddit Terminal Viewer.Use arrow keys to navigate. Right and Left to view and return from a submission, respectively

Open the front page; /front Open a subreddit; /r/subreddit_name Expand/collapse comments; [space] Open link; o Log in; u Open the help screen; ? rvm A tool for easily installing, managing, and working with multiple ruby environments
 * github.com/michael;lazar/rtv.

Install one or More space;separated versions of Ruby;
 * rvm.io.

rvm install version(s) Display a list of installed versions; rvm list Use a specific version of Ruby; rvm use version Set the default Ruby version; rvm ;;default use version Upgrade a version of Ruby to a new version; rvm upgrade current_version new_version Uninstall a version of Ruby and keep its sources; rvm uninstall version Remove a version of Ruby and its sources; rvm remove version Show specific dependencies for your OS; rvm requirements sam AWS Serverless Application Model (SAM) CLI

Initialize a serverless application; sam init Initialize a serverless application with a specific runtime; sam init ;;runtime python3.7 Package a SAM application; sam package Build your Lambda function code; sam build Run your serverless application locally; sam local start;api Deploy an AWS SAM application; sam deploy sar Monitor performance of various Linux subsystems.
 * github.com/awslabs/aws;sam;cli.

Report I/O and transfer rate issued to physical devices, one per second (press CTRL+C to quit); sar ;b 1 Report a total of 10 network device statistics, one per 2 seconds; sar ;n DEV 2 10 Report CPU utilization, one per 2 seconds; sar ;u ALL 2 Report a total of 20 memory utilization statistics, one per second; sar ;r ALL 1 20 Report the run queue length and load averages, one per second; sar ;q 1 Report paging statistics, one per 5 seconds; sar ;B 5 say Converts text to speech.

Say a phrase aloud; say "I like to ride my bike." Read a file aloud; say ;f filename.txt Say a phrase with a custom voice and speech rate; say ;v voice ;r words_per_minute "I'm sorry Dave, I can't let you do that." List the available voices; say ;v "?" Create an audio file of the spoken text; say ;o filename.aiff "Here's to the Crazy Ones." sbt Build tool for Scala and Java projects

Start the SBT interactive shell (REPL); sbt Create a new Scala project from an existing Giter8 template hosted on GitHub; sbt new scala/hello;world.g8 Use the specified version of sbt; sbt ;sbt;version version Use a specific jar file as the sbt launcher; sbt ;sbt;jar path List all sbt options; sbt ;h scc Tool written in Go that counts lines of code
 * www.scala;sbt.org/1.0/docs/.

Print lines of code in the current directory; scc Print lines of code in the target directory; scc path/to/directory Display output for every file; scc ;;by;file Display output using a specific output format (defaults to tabular); scc ;;format tabular|wide|json|csv|cloc;yaml|html|html;table Only count files with specific file extensions; scc ;;include;ext go, java, js Exclude directories from being counted; scc ;;exclude;dir .git,.hg Display output and sort by column (defaults to by files); scc ;;sort files|name|lines|blanks|code|comments|complexity Print help for scc; scc ;h scp Secure copy.Copy files between hosts using Secure Copy Protocol over SSH
 * github.com/boyter/scc.

Copy a local file to a remote host; scp path/to/local_file remote_host;path/to/remote_file Use a specific port when connecting to the remote host; scp ;P port path/to/local_file remote_host;path/to/remote_file Copy a file from a remote host to a local directory; scp remote_host;path/to/remote_file path/to/local_directory Recursively copy the contents of a directory from a remote host to a local directory; scp ;r remote_host;path/to/remote_directory path/to/local_directory Copy a file between two remote hosts transferring through the local host; scp ;3 host1;path/to/remote_file host2;path/to/remote_directory Use a specific username when connecting to the remote host; scp path/to/local_file remote_username@remote_host;path/to/remote_directory Use a specific ssh private key for authentication with the remote host; scp ;i ~/.ssh/private_key local_file remote_host;/path/remote_file sdk Tool for managing parallel versions of multiple Software Development Kits.Supports Java, Groovy, Scala, Kotlin, Gradle, Maven, Vert.x and many others
 * man.openbsd.org/scp.

Install a specific version of Gradle; sdk install gradle gradle_version Switch to a specific version of Gradle; sdk use gradle gradle_version Check current Gradle version; sdk current gradle List all Software Development Kits available to install; sdk list Update Gradle to the latest version; sdk upgrade gradle Uninstall a particular version of Gradle; sdk rm gradle gradle_version sed Edit text in a scriptable manner
 * sdkman.io/usage.

Replace the first occurrence of a regular expression in each line of a file, and print the result; sed 's/regular_expression/replace/' filename Replace all occurrences of an extended regular expression in a file, and print the result; sed ;r 's/regular_expression/replace/g' filename Replace all occurrences of a string in a file, overwriting the file (i.e. in;place); sed ;i 's/find/replace/g' filename Replace only on lines matching the line pattern; sed '/line_pattern/s/find/replace/' filename Delete lines matching the line pattern; sed '/line_pattern/d' filename Print the first 11 lines of a file; sed 11q filename Apply multiple find;replace expressions to a file; sed ;e 's/find/replace/' ;e 's/find/replace/' filename Replace separator / by any other character not used in the find or replace patterns, e.g. #; sed 's#find#replace#' filename see Alias to run;mailcap's view.An alias to a run;mailcap's action print.
 * man.archlinux.org/man/sed.1.

See action can be used to view any file (usually image) on default mailcap explorer; see filename Using with run;mailcap; run;mailcap ;;action=view filename seq Output a sequence of numbers to stdout

seq.

Sequence from 1 to 10; seq 10 Every 3rd number from 5 to 20; seq 5 3 20 Separate the output with a space instead of a newline; seq ;s " " 5 3 20 Format output width to a minimum of 4 digits padding with zeros as necessary; seq ;f "%04g" 5 3 20 set Display, set or unset values of shell attributes and positional parameters.

Display the names and values of shell variables; set Mark variables that are modified or created for export; set ;a Notify of job termination immediately; set ;b Set various options, e.g. enable vi style line editing; set ;o vi shc Generic shell script compiler.

Compile a shell script; shc ;f script Compile a shell script and specify an output binary file; shc ;f script ;o binary Compile a shell script and set an expiration date for the executable; shc ;f script ;e dd/mm/yyyy Compile a shell script and set a message to display upon expiration; shc ;f script ;e dd/mm/yyyy ;m "Please contact your provider" sic Simple IRC client.Part of the suckless tools

Connect to the default host (irc.ofct.net) with the nickname set in the $USER environment variable; sic Connect to a given host, using a given nickname; sic ;h host ;n nickname Connect to a given host, using a given nickname and password; sic ;h host ;n nickname ;k password Join a channel; ;j #channel Send a message to a channel or user; ;m #channel|user Set default channel or user; ;s #channel|user sox Sound eXchange* play, record and convert audio files.Audio formats are identified by the extension
 * tools.suckless.org/sic/.

http;sox.sourceforge.net. Merge two audio files into one; sox ;m input_audiofile1 input_audiofile2 output_audiofile Trim an audio file to the specified times; sox input_audiofile output_audiofile trim start end Normalize an audio file (adjust volume to the maximum peak level, without clipping); sox ;;norm input_audiofile output_audiofile Reverse and save an audio file; sox input_audiofile output_audiofile reverse Print statistical data of an audio file; sox input_audiofile ;n stat Increase the volume of an audio file by 2x; sox ;v 2.0 input_audiofile output_audiofile spi A meta package manager that handles both packages and slackbuilds

Update the list of available packages and slackbuilds; spi ;;update Install a package or slackbuild; spi ;;install package/slackbuild_name Upgrade all installed packages to the latest versions available; spi ;;upgrade Locate packages or slackbuilds by package name or description; spi search_terms Display information about a package or slackbuild; spi ;;show package/slackbuild_name Purge the local package and slackbuild caches; spi ;;clean srm Securely remove files or directories.Overwrites the existing data one or multiple times. Drop in replacement for rm
 * github.com/gapan/spi.

http;srm.sourceforge.net/srm.html. Remove a file after a single;pass overwriting with random data; srm ;s path/to/file Remove a file after seven passes of overwriting with random data; srm ;m path/to/file Recursively remove a directory and its contents overwriting each file with a single;pass of random data; srm ;r ;s path/to/directory Prompt before every removal; srm ;i \* ssh Secure Shell is a protocol used to securely log onto remote systems.It can be used for logging or executing commands on a remote server.

Connect to a remote server; ssh username@remote_host Connect to a remote server with a specific identity (private key); ssh ;i path/to/key_file username@remote_host Connect to a remote server using a specific port; ssh username@remote_host ;p 2222 Run a command on a remote server; ssh remote_host command ;with ;flags SSH tunneling* Dynamic port forwarding (SOCKS proxy on localhost;1080); ssh ;D 1080 username@remote_host SSH tunneling* Forward a specific port (localhost;9999 to example.org;80) along with disabling pseudo;[t]ty allocation and executio[n] of remote commands; ssh ;L 9999;example.org;80 ;N ;T username@remote_host SSH jumping* Connect through a jumphost to a remote server (Multiple jump hops may be specified separated by comma characters); ssh ;J username@jump_host username@remote_host Agent forwarding* Forward the authentication information to the remote machine (see man ssh_config for available options); ssh ;A username@remote_host sum Compute checksums and the number of blocks for a file.A predecessor to the

More modern cksum

sum.

Compute a checksum with BSD;compatible algorithm and 1024;byte blocks; sum file Compute a checksum with System V;compatible algorithm and 512;byte blocks; sum ;;sysv file svn Subversion command;line client tool

Check out a working copy from a repository; svn co url/to/repository Bring changes from the repository into the working copy; svn up Put files and directories under version control, scheduling them for addition to repository. They will be added in next commit; svn add PATH Send changes from your working copy to the repository; svn ci ;m commit_log_message [PATH] Display changes from the last 10 revisions, showing modified files for each revision; svn log ;vl 10 Show detailed help; svn help tac Print and concatenate files in reverse (last line first)
 * subversion.apache.org.

tac.

Print the contents of file1 reversed to the standard output; tac file1 Print the contents of the standard input reversed to the standard output; command | tac Concatenate several files reversed into the target file; tac file1 file2 > target_file tar Archiving utility.Often combined with a compression method, such as gzip or bzip2

[c]reate an archive and write it to a [f]ile; tar cf target.tar file1 file2 file3 [c]reate a g[z]ipped archive and write it to a [f]ile; tar czf target.tar.gz file1 file2 file3 [c]reate a g[z]ipped archive from a directory using relative paths; tar czf target.tar.gz ;;directory=path/to/directory. E[x]tract a (compressed) archive [f]ile into the current directory [v]erbosely; tar xvf source.tar[.gz|.bz2|.xz] E[x]tract a (compressed) archive [f]ile into the target directory; tar xf source.tar[.gz|.bz2|.xz] ;;directory=directory [c]reate a compressed archive and write it to a [f]ile, using [a]rchive suffix to determine the compression program; tar caf target.tar.xz file1 file2 file3 Lis[t] the contents of a tar [f]ile [v]erbosely; tar tvf source.tar E[x]tract files matching a pattern from an archive [f]ile; tar xf source.tar ;;wildcards "*.html" tea A command;line tool to interact with Gitea servers
 * www.gnu.org/software/tar.

Log into a Gitea server; tea login add ;;name "name" ;;url "url" ;;token "token" Display all repositories; tea repos ls Display a list of issues; tea issues ls Display a list of issues for a specific repository; tea issues ls ;;repo "repository" Create a new issue; tea issues create ;;title "title" ;;body "body" Display a list of open pull requests; tea pulls ls Open the current repository in a browser; tea open tee Read from standard input and write to standard output and files (or commands)
 * gitea.com/gitea/tea.

tee.

Copy standard input to each file, and also to standard output; echo "example" | tee path/to/file Append to the given files, do not overwrite; echo "example" | tee ;a path/to/file Print standard input to the terminal, and also pipe it into another program for further processing; echo "example" | tee /dev/tty | xargs printf "[%s]" Create a directory called "example", count the number of characters in "example" and write "example" to the terminal; echo "example" | tee >(xargs mkdir) >(wc ;c) tex Compile a DVI document from TeX source files

Compile a DVI document; tex source.tex Compile a DVI document, specifying an output directory; tex ;output;directory=path/to/directory source.tex Compile a DVI document, exiting on each error; tex ;halt;on;error source.tex tic Compile terminfo and install for ncurses
 * www.tug.org/begin.html.

Compile and install terminfo for a terminal; tic ;xe terminal path/to/terminal.info Check terminfo file for errors; tic ;c path/to/terminal.info Print database locations; tic ;D tig A text;mode interface for Git
 * pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xcurses/terminfo.html.

Show the sequence of commits starting from the current one in reverse chronological order; tig Show the history of a specific branch; tig branch Show the history of specific files or directories; tig path1 path2 … Show the difference between two references (such as branches or tags); tig base_ref..compared_ref Display commits from all branches and stashes; tig ;;all Start in stash view, displaying all saved stashes; tig stash tlp Advanced power management for Linux.See also tlp;stat
 * github.com/jonas/tig.

Apply settings (according to the actual power source); sudo tlp start Apply battery settings (ignoring the actual power source); sudo tlp bat Apply AC settings (ignoring the actual power source); sudo tlp ac top Display dynamic real;time information about running processes
 * linrunner.de/tlp/.

Start top; top Do not show any idle or zombie processes; top ;i Show only processes owned by given user; top ;u username Sort processes by a field; top ;o field_name Show the individual threads of a given process; top ;Hp process_id Show only the processes with the given PID(s), passed as a comma;separated list. (Normally you wouldn't know PIDs off hand. This example picks the PIDs from the process name); top ;p $(pgrep ;d ',' process_name) Get help about interactive commands; ? tox Automate Python testing across multiple Python versions.Use tox.ini to configure environments and test command
 * manned.org/top.

Run tests on all test environments; tox Create a tox.ini configuration; tox;quickstart List the available environments; tox ;;listenvs;all Run tests on a specific environment (e.g. python 3.6); tox ;e py36 Force the virtual environment to be recreated; tox ;;recreate ;e py27 tpp Command;Line based presentation tool
 * github.com/tox;dev/tox.

View a presentation; tpp filename Output a presentation; tpp ;t type ;o outputname filename tsc TypeScript compiler
 * github.com/cbbrowne/tpp.

Compile a TypeScript file foobar.ts into a JavaScript file foobar.js; tsc foobar.ts Compile a TypeScript file into JavaScript using a specific target syntax (default is ES3); tsc ;;target ES5|ES2015|ES2016|ES2017|ES2018|ESNEXT foobar.ts Compile a TypeScript file into a JavaScript file with a custom name; tsc ;;outFile output.js input.ts Compile all .ts files of a TypeScript project defined in a tsconfig.json file; tsc ;;build tsconfig.json Run the compiler using command;line options and arguments fetched from a text file; tsc @args.txt Type;check multiple JavaScript files, and output only the errors; tsc ;;allowJs ;;checkJs ;;noEmit src/**/*.js tty Returns terminal name
 * www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/compiler;options.html.

tty.

Print the file name of this terminal; tty twm A window manager for the X Window system

Connect to the default X server; twm Connect to a specific X server; twm ;display display Only manage the default screen; twm ;s Use a specific startup file; twm ;f path/to/file Enable verbose mode and print unexpected errors in X; twm ;v ufw Uncomplicated Firewall.Frontend for iptables aiming to make configuration of a firewall easier
 * gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/app/twm.

Enable ufw; ufw enable Disable ufw; ufw disable Show ufw rules, along with their numbers; ufw status numbered Allow incoming traffic on port 5432 on this host with a comment identifying the service; ufw allow 5432 comment "Service" Allow only TCP traffic from 192.168.0.4 to any address on this host, on port 22; ufw allow proto tcp from 192.168.0.4 to any port 22 Deny traffic on port 80 on this host; ufw deny 80 Deny all UDP traffic to port 22; ufw deny proto udp from any to any port 22 Delete a particular rule. The rule number can be retrieved from the ufw status numbered command; ufw delete rule_number upx Compress or decompress executables
 * wiki.ubuntu.com/UncomplicatedFirewall.

Compress executable; upx file Decompress executable; upx ;d file Detailed help; upx ;;help vgs Display information about volume groups.See also* lvm
 * upx.github.io.

Display information about volume groups; vgs Display all volume groups; vgs ;a Change default display to show More details;
 * man7.org/linux/man;pages/man8/vgs.8.html.

vgs ;v Display only specific fields; vgs ;o field_name_1,field_name_2 Append field to default display; vgs ;o +field_name Suppress heading line; vgs ;;noheadings Use separator to separate fields; vgs ;;separator = vim Vim (Vi IMproved), a command;line text editor, provides several modes for different kinds of text manipulation.Pressing i enters insert mode.  enters normal mode, which enables the use of Vim commands

Open a file; vim path/to/file Open a file at a specified line number; vim +line_number path/to/file View Vim's help manual; ;help<Enter> Save and Quit; ;wq<Enter> Undo the last operation; u Search for a pattern in the file (press n/N to go to next/previous match); /search_pattern<Enter> Perform a regular expression substitution in the whole file; ;%s/regular_expression/replacement/g<Enter> Display the line numbers; ;set nu<Enter> vlc Cross;platform multimedia player
 * www.vim.org.

Play a file; vlc path/to/file Play in fullscreen; vlc ;;fullscreen path/to/file Play muted; vlc ;;no;audio path/to/file Play repeatedly; vlc ;;loop path/to/file Play video from a URL; vlc ;www.youtube.com/watch?v=oHg5SJYRHA0 vue Multi;purpose CLI for Vue.js
 * www.videolan.org/vlc/.

Create a new Vue project interactively; vue create project_name Create a new project with web UI; vue ui wal A tool to create color schemes based on the dominant colors of a wallpaper
 * cli.vuejs.org.

Preview color scheme; wal ;;preview image.png Create color scheme; wal ;i image.png Create a light color scheme; wal ;il image.png Skip setting the desktop wallpaper; wal ;in image.png Skip setting the terminal colors; wal ;is image.png Restore the previously generated color scheme and wallpaper; wal ;R who Display who is logged in and related data (processes, boot time)
 * github.com/dylanaraps/pywal.

who.

Display the username, line, and time of all currently logged;in sessions; who Display information only for the current terminal session; who am i Display all available information; who ;a Display all available information with table headers; who ;a ;H wol Client for sending Wake;on;LAN magic packets

Send a WoL packet to a device; wol mac_address Send a WoL packet to a device in another subnet based on its IP; wol ;;ipaddr=ip_address mac_address Send a WoL packet to a device in another subnet based on its hostname; wol ;;host=hostname mac_address Send a WoL packet to a specific port on a host; wol ;;port=port_number mac_address Read hardware addresses, IP addresses/hostnames, optional ports and SecureON passwords from a file; wol ;;file=path/to/file Turn on verbose output; wol ;;verbose mac_address wrk HTTP benchmarking tool
 * sourceforge.net/projects/wake;on;lan/.

Run a benchmark for 30 seconds, using 12 threads, and keeping 400 HTTP connections open; wrk ;t12 ;c400 ;d30s "http;127.0.0.1;8080/index.html" Run a benchmark with a custom header; wrk ;t2 ;c5 ;d5s ;H "Host* example.com" "http;example.com/index.html" Run a benchmark with a request timeout of 2 seconds; wrk ;t2 ;c5 ;d5s ;;timeout 2s "http;example.com/index.html" wtf Show the expansions of acronyms
 * github.com/wg/wrk.

Expand a given acronym; wtf IMO Specify a computer related search type; wtf ;t comp WWW xar Manage .xar archives.
 * manpages.debian.org/bsdgames/wtf.6.en.html.

Create a xar archive of all files in a given directory; xar ;cf archive.xar path/to/directory List the contents of a given xar archive; xar ;tf archive.xar Extract the contents of a given xar archive to the current directory; xar ;xf archive.xar xcv Cut, copy, and paste in the command;line

Cut a file; xcv x input_file Copy a file; xcv c input_file Paste a file; xcv v output_file List files available for pasting; xcv l xed Opens files for editing in Xcode.
 * github.com/busterc/xcv.

Open file in Xcode; xed file1 Open file(s) in Xcode, create if it doesn't exist; xed ;c filename1 Open a file in Xcode and jump to line number 75; xed ;l 75 filename xip Create or expand compressed files in a secure xip archive.Only archives signed by Apple are trusted, so this tool should not be used to create archives.

Expand the archive into the current working directory; xip ;;expand path/to/file.xip xml XMLStarlet Toolkit* Query, edit, check, convert and transform XML documents.This command also has documentation about its subcommands, e.g. xml validate

http;xmlstar.sourceforge.net/docs.php. Display general help, including the list of subcommands; xml ;;help Execute a subcommand with input from a file or URI, printing to stdout; xml subcommand options path/to/input.xml|URI Execute a subcommand using stdin and stdout; xml subcommand options Execute a subcommand with input from a file or URI and output to a file; xml subcommand options path/to/input.xml|URI > path/to/output Display help for a subcommand; xml subcommand ;;help Display the version of the XMLStarlet Toolkit; xml ;;version xsv A CSV command;line toolkit written in Rust

Inspect the headers of a file; xsv headers path/to/file.csv Count the number of entries; xsv count path/to/file.csv Get an overview of the shape of entries; xsv stats path/to/file.csv | xsv table Select a few columns; xsv select column_a,column_b path/to/file.csv Show 10 random entries; xsv sample 10 path/to/file.csv Join a column from one file to another; xsv join ;;no;case column_a path/to/file/a.csv column_b path/to/file/b.csv | xsv table xxd Create a hexadecimal representation (hexdump) from a binary file, or vice;versa.
 * github.com/BurntSushi/xsv.

Generate a hexdump from a binary file and display the output; xxd input_file Generate a hexdump from a binary file and save it as a text file; xxd input_file output_file Display a More compact output, replacing consecutive zeros (if any) with a star;

xxd ;a input_file Display the output with 10 columns of one octet (byte) each; xxd ;c 10 input_file Display output only up to a length of 32 bytes; xxd ;l 32 input_file Display the output in plain mode, without any gaps between the columns; xxd ;p input_file Revert a plaintext hexdump back into binary, and save it as a binary file; xxd ;r ;p input_file output_file xxh Bring your shell with all of your customizations through SSH sessions.Note* xxh does not install anything into system directories on the target machine* removing ~/.xxh will clear all traces of xxh on the target machine

Connect to a host and run the current shell; xxh "host" Install the current shell into the target machine without prompting; xxh "host" ++install Run the specified shell on the target machine; xxh "host" ++shell xonsh|zsh|fish|bash|osquery Use a specific xxh configuration directory on the target machine; xxh "host" ++host;xxh;home ~/.xxh Use the specified configuration file on the host machine; xxh "host" ++xxh;config ~/.config/xxh/config.xxhc Specify a password to use for the SSH connection; xxh "host" ++password "password" Install an xxh package on the target machine; xxh "host" ++install;xxh;packages package Set an environment variable for the shell process on the target machine; xxh "host" ++env name=value yaa Create and manipulate YAA archives.
 * github.com/xxh/xxh.

Create an archive from a directory; yaa archive ;d path/to/directory ;o path/to/output.yaa Create an archive from a file; yaa archive ;i path/to/file ;o path/to/output.yaa Extract an archive to the current directory; yaa extract ;i path/to/archive.yaa List the contents of an archive; yaa list ;i path/to/archive.yaa Create an archive with a specific compression algorithm; yaa archive ;a algorithm ;d path/to/directory ;o path/to/output.yaa Create an archive with an 8 MB block size; yaa archive ;b 8m ;d path/to/directory ;o path/to/output.yaa yay Yet Another Yogurt* A utility for Arch Linux to build and install packages from the Arch User Repository.Also see pacman

Interactively search and install packages from the repos and AUR; yay package_name|search_term Synchronize and update all packages from the repos and AUR; yay Synchronize and update only AUR packages; yay ;Sua Install a new package from the repos and AUR; yay ;S package_name Remove an installed package and both its dependencies and configuration files; yay ;Rns package_name Search the package database for a keyword from the repos and AUR; yay ;Ss keyword Remove orphaned packages (installed as dependencies but not required by any package); yay ;Yc Show statistics for installed packages and system health; yay ;Ps yes Output something repeatedly.This command is commonly used to answer yes to every prompt by install commands (such as apt;get)
 * github.com/Jguer/yay.

yes.

Repeatedly output "message"; yes message Repeatedly output "y"; yes Accept everything prompted by the apt;get command; yes | sudo apt;get install program yum Package management utility for RHEL, Fedora, and CentOS (for older versions)

Install a new package; yum install package Install a new package and assume yes to all questions (also works with update, great for automated updates); yum ;y install package Find the package that provides a particular command; yum provides command Remove a package; yum remove package Display available updates for installed packages; yum check;update Upgrade installed packages to the newest available versions; yum upgrade zdb ZFS debugger.
 * man7.org/linux/man;pages/man8/yum.8.html.

Show detailed configuration of all mounted ZFS zpools; zdb Show detailed configuration for a specific ZFS pool; zdb ;C poolname Show statistics about number, size and deduplication of blocks; zdb ;b poolname zfs Manage ZFS filesystems.

List all available zfs filesystems; zfs list Create a new ZFS filesystem; zfs create pool_name/filesystem_name Delete a ZFS filesystem; zfs destroy pool_name/filesystem_name Create a Snapshot of a ZFS filesystem; zfs snapshot pool_name/filesystem_name@snapshot_name Enable compression on a filesystem; zfs set compression=on pool_name/filesystem_name Change mountpoint for a filesystem; zfs set mountpoint=/my/mount/path pool_name/filesystem_name zip Package and compress (archive) files into zip file.

Package and compress files and directories [r]ecursively; zip ;r compressed.zip path/to/file path/to/directory1 path/to/directory2 E[x]clude unwanted files from being added to the compressed archive; zip ;r compressed.zip path/to/directory ;x path/to/exclude Archive a directory and its contents with the highest level [9] of compression; zip ;r ;9 compressed.zip path/to/directory Create an encrypted archive (user will be prompted for a password); zip ;e ;r compressed.zip path/to/directory Add files to an existing zip file; zip compressed.zip path/to/file Delete files from an existing zip file; zip ;d compressed.zip "foo/*.tmp" Archive a directory and its contents to a multi;part [s]plit zip file (e.g. 3 GB parts); zip ;r ;s 3g compressed.zip path/to/directory List files within a specified archive (without extracting them); zip ;sf compressed.zip zmv Move or rename files matching a specified extended glob pattern.See also zcp and zln

http;zsh.sourceforge.net/Doc/Release/User;Contributions.html. Move files using a regular expression;like pattern; zmv '(*).log' '$1.txt' Preview the result of a move, without making any actual changes; zmv ;n '(*).log' '$1.txt' Interactively move files, with a prompt before every change; zmv ;i '(*).log' '$1.txt' Verbosely print each action as it's being executed; zmv ;v '(*).log' '$1.txt' zsh Z SHell, a Bash;compatible command;line interpreter.See also histexpand for history expansion

Start an interactive shell session; zsh Execute a command and then exit; zsh ;c "command" Execute a script; zsh path/to/script.zsh Execute a script, printing each command before executing it; zsh ;;xtrace path/to/script.zsh Start an interactive shell session in verbose mode, printing each command before executing it; zsh ;;verbose acpi Shows battery status or thermal information
 * www.zsh.org.

Show battery information; acpi Show thermal information; acpi ;t Show cooling device information; acpi ;c Show thermal information in Fahrenheit; acpi ;tf Show all information; acpi ;V Extract information from /proc instead of /sys; acpi ;p beep A utility to beep the PC speaker
 * sourceforge.net/projects/acpiclient/files/acpiclient/.

Play a beep; beep Play a beep that repeats; beep ;r repetitions Play a beep at a specified frequency (Hz) and duration (milliseconds); beep ;f frequency ;l duration Play each new frequency and duration as a distinct beep; beep ;f frequency ;l duration ;n ;f frequency ;l duration Play the C major scale; beep ;f 262 ;n ;f 294 ;n ;f 330 ;n ;f 349 ;n ;f 392 ;n ;f 440 ;n ;f 494 ;n ;f 523 bmon Monitor bandwidth and capture network related statistics
 * github.com/spkr;beep/beep.

Display the list of all the interfaces; bmon ;a Display data transfer rates in bits per second; bmon ;b Set policy to define which network interface(s) is/are displayed; bmon ;p interface_1,interface_2,interface_3 Set interval (in seconds) in which rate per counter is calculated; bmon ;R 2.0 calc An interactive arbitrary;precision calculator on the terminal
 * github.com/tgraf/bmon.

Start calc in interactive mode; calc Perform a calculation in non;interactive mode; calc ;p '85 * (36 / 4)' ceph A unified storage system
 * github.com/lcn2/calc.

Check cluster health status; ceph status Check cluster usage stats; ceph df Get the statistics for the placement groups in a cluster; ceph pg dump ;;format plain Create a storage pool; ceph osd pool create pool_name page_number Delete a storage pool; ceph osd pool delete pool_name Rename a storage pool; ceph osd pool rename current_name new_name Self;repair pool storage; ceph pg repair pool_name cewl URL spidering tool for making a cracking wordlist from web content
 * ceph.io.

Create a wordlist file from the given URL up to 2 links depth; cewl ;;depth 2 ;;write path/to/wordlist.txt url Output an alphanumeric wordlist from the given URL with words of minimum 5 characters; cewl ;;with;numbers ;;min_word_length 5 url Output a wordlist from the given URL in debug mode including email addresses; cewl ;;debug ;;email url Output a wordlist from the given URL using HTTP Basic or Digest authentication; cewl ;;auth_type basic|digest ;;auth_user username ;;auth_pass password url Output a wordlist from the given URL through a proxy; cewl ;;proxy_host host ;;proxy_port port url chfn Update finger info for a user
 * digi.ninja/projects/cewl.php.

Update a user's "Name" field in the output of finger; chfn ;f new_display_name username Update a user's "Office Room Number" field for the output of finger; chfn ;o new_office_room_number username Update a user's "Office Phone Number" field for the output of finger; chfn ;p new_office_telephone_number username Update a user's "Home Phone Number" field for the output of finger; chfn ;h new_home_telephone_number username chrt Manipulate the real;time attributes of a process
 * manned.org/chfn.

Display attributes of a process; chrt ;;pid PID Display attributes of all threads of a process; chrt ;;all;tasks ;;pid PID Display the min/max priority values that can be used with chrt; chrt ;;max Set the scheduling policy for a process; chrt ;;pid PID ;;deadline|idle|batch|rr|fifo|other cmus Command;line Music Player.Use arrow keys to navigate, <enter/return> to select, and numbers 1;8 switch between different views
 * man7.org/linux/man;pages/man1/chrt.1.html.

Open cmus into the specified directory (this will become your new working directory); cmus path/to/directory Add file/directory to library; ;add path/to/file_or_directory Pause/unpause current song; c Toggle shuffle mode on/off; s Quit cmus; q cuyo Tetris like game
 * cmus.github.io.

Start a new game; cuyo Navigate the piece horizontally; A|D OR Left|Right arrow key Turn the piece; W|Up arrow key Hard drop the piece; S|Down arrow key dget Download Debian packages
 * www.karimmi.de/cuyo/.

Download a binary package; dget package_name Download and extract a package source from its .dsc file; dget http;deb.debian.org/debian/pool/main/h/haskell;tldr/haskell;tldr_0.4.0;2.dsc Download a package source tarball from its .dsc file but don't extract it; dget ;d http;deb.debian.org/debian/pool/main/h/haskell;tldr/haskell;tldr_0.4.0;2.dsc dkms A framework that allows for dynamic building of kernel modules
 * manpages.debian.org/dget.

List currently installed modules; dkms status Rebuild all modules for the currently running kernel; dkms autoinstall Install version 1.2.1 of the acpi_call module for the currently running kernel; dkms install ;m acpi_call ;v 1.2.1 Remove version 1.2.1 of the acpi_call module from all kernels; dkms remove ;m acpi_call ;v 1.2.1 ;;all dpkg Debian package manager
 * github.com/dell/dkms.

Install a package; dpkg ;i path/to/file.deb Remove a package; dpkg ;r package_name List installed packages; dpkg ;l pattern List a package's contents; dpkg ;L package_name List contents of a local package file; dpkg ;c path/to/file.deb Find out which package owns a file; dpkg ;S filename edit An alias to a run;mailcap's action edit.Originally run;mailcap is used to process/edit mime;type/file
 * manpages.debian.org/buster/dpkg/dpkg.1.en.html.

Edit action can be used to view any file on default mailcap explorer; edit filename With run;mailcap; run;mailcap ;;action=edit filename eval Execute arguments as a single command in the current shell and return its result
 * www.computerhope.com/unix/uedit.htm.

Call echo with the "foo" argument; eval "echo foo" Set a variable in the current shell; eval "foo=bar" exif Show and change EXIF information in JPEG files
 * manned.org/eval.

Show all recognized EXIF information in an image; exif path/to/image.jpg Show a table listing known EXIF tags and whether each one exists in an image; exif ;;list;tags ;;no;fixup image.jpg Extract the image thumbnail into the file thumbnail.jpg; exif ;;extract;thumbnail ;;output=thumbnail.jpg image.jpg Show the raw contents of the "Model" tag in the given image; exif ;;ifd=0 ;;tag=Model ;;machine;readable image.jpg Change the value of the "Artist" tag to John Smith and save to new.jpg; exif ;;output=new.jpg ;;ifd=0 ;;tag="Artist" ;;set;value="John Smith" ;;no;fixup image.jpg ffuf Subdomain and directory discovery tool
 * github.com/libexif/exif/.

Discover directories using a [w]ordlist on a target [u]rl with [c]olorized and [v]erbose ouput; ffuf ;w path/to/wordlist ;u ;target/FUZZ ;c ;v Fuzz host;[H]eaders with a host file on a traget website and [m]atch HTTP 200 [c]ode responses; ffuf ;w hosts.txt ;u ;example.org ;H "Host* FUZZ" ;mc 200 Discover directories using a [w]ordlist on a target website with a max individual job time of 60 seconds and recursion discovery depth of 2 levels; ffuf ;w path/to/wordlist ;u ;target/FUZZ ;maxtime;job 60 ;recursion ;recursion;depth 2 Fuzz GET parameter on a target website and [f]ilter out message [s]ize response of 4242 bytes; ffuf ;w path/to/param_names.txt ;u ;target/script.php?FUZZ=test_value ;fs 4242 Fuzz POST method with POST [d]ata of password on a target website and [f]ilter out HTTP response [c]ode 401; ffuf ;w path/to/postdata.txt ;X POST ;d "username=admin\&password=FUZZ" ;u ;target/login.php ;fc 401 Discover subdomains using a subdoomain list on a target website; ffuf ;w subdomains.txt ;u ;website.com ;H "Host* FUZZ.website.com" file Determine file type
 * github.com/ffuf/ffuf.

Give a description of the type of the specified file. Works fine for files with no file extension; file filename Look inside a zipped file and determine the file type(s) inside; file ;z foo.zip Allow file to work with special or device files; file ;s filename Don't stop at first file type match* keep going until the end of the file; file ;k filename Determine the mime encoding type of a file; file ;i filename free Display amount of free and used memory in the system
 * manned.org/file.

Display system memory; free Display memory in Bytes/KB/MB/GB; free ;b|k|m|g Display memory in human;readable units; free ;h Refresh the output every 2 seconds; free ;s 2 fsck Check the integrity of a filesystem or repair it. The filesystem should be unmounted at the time the command is run
 * manned.org/free.

Check filesystem /dev/sdX, reporting any damaged blocks; fsck /dev/sdX Check filesystem /dev/sdX, reporting any damaged blocks and interactively letting the user choose to repair each one; fsck ;r /dev/sdX Check filesystem /dev/sdX, reporting any damaged blocks and automatically repairing them; fsck ;a /dev/sdX gcov Code coverage analysis and profiling tool that discovers untested parts of a program.Also displays a copy of source code annotated with execution frequencies of code segments
 * manned.org/fsck.

Generate a coverage report named file.cpp.gcov; gcov path/to/file.cpp Write individual execution counts for every basic block; gcov ;;all;blocks path/to/file.cpp Write branch frequencies to the output file and print summary information to stdout as a percentage; gcov ;;branch;probabilities path/to/file.cpp Write branch frequencies as the number of branches taken, rather than the percentage; gcov ;;branch;counts path/to/file.cpp Do not create a gcov output file; gcov ;;no;output path/to/file.cpp Write file level as well as function level summaries; gcov ;;function;summaries path/to/file.cpp halt Halt the system
 * gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Invoking;Gcov.html.

Halt the system; halt Power off the system (same as poweroff); halt ;;poweroff Reboot the system (same as reboot); halt ;;reboot Halt immediately without contacting the system manager; halt ;;force ;;force Write the wtmp shutdown entry without halting the system; halt ;;wtmp;only ifup Tool used to enable network interfaces
 * www.man7.org/linux/man;pages/man8/halt.8.html.

Enable interface eth0; ifup eth0 Enable all the interfaces defined with "auto" in /etc/network/interfaces; ifup ;a imgp Command;line image resizer and rotator for JPEGs and PNGs.
 * manpages.debian.org/latest/ifupdown/ifup.8.html.

Convert single images and/or whole directories containing valid image formats; imgp ;x 1366x1000 path/to/directory path/to/file Scale an image by 75% and overwrite the source image to a target resolution; imgp ;x 75 ;w path/to/file Rotate an image clockwise by 90 degrees; imgp ;o 90 path/to/file inxi Print a summary of system information and resources for debugging purposes.

Print a summary of CPU, memory, hard drive and kernel information; inxi Print a full description of CPU, memory, disk, network and process information; inxi ;Fz Print information about the distribution's repository; inxi ;r jobs Display status of jobs in the current session.

Show status of all jobs; jobs Show status of a particular job; jobs %job_id Show status and process IDs of all jobs; jobs ;l Show process IDs of all jobs; jobs ;p lftp Sophisticated file transfer program

Connect to an FTP server; lftp ftp.example.com Download multiple files (glob expression); mget path/to/*.png Upload multiple files (glob expression); mput path/to/*.zip Delete multiple files on the remote server; mrm path/to/*.txt Rename a file on the remote server; mv original_filename new_filename Download or update an entire directory; mirror path/to/remote_dir path/to/local_output_dir Upload or update an entire directory; mirror ;R path/to/local_dir path/to/remote_output_dir line Read a single line of input
 * lftp.yar.ru/lftp;man.html.

Read input; line lshw List detailed information about hardware configurations as root user
 * manned.org/line.

Launch the GUI; sudo lshw ;X List all hardware in tabular format; sudo lshw ;short List all disks and storage controllers in tabular format; sudo lshw ;class disk ;class storage ;short Save all network interfaces to an HTML file; sudo lshw ;class network ;html > interfaces.html maim Screenshot utility
 * manned.org/lshw.

Capture a screenshot and save it to the given path; maim path/to/screenshot.png Capture a screenshot of the selected region; maim ;;select path/to/screenshot.png Capture a screenshot of the selected region and save it in the clipboard (requires xclip); maim ;;select | xclip ;selection clipboard ;target image/png Capture a screenshot of the current active window (requires xdotool); maim ;;window $(xdotool getactivewindow) path/to/screenshot.png mkfs Build a Linux filesystem on a hard disk partition.This command is deprecated in favor of filesystem specific mkfs. utils
 * github.com/naelstrof/maim.

Build a Linux ext2 filesystem on a partition; mkfs path/to/partition Build a filesystem of a specified type; mkfs ;t ext4 path/to/partition Build a filesystem of a specified type and check for bad blocks; mkfs ;c ;t ntfs path/to/partition mocp Music on Console (MOC) audio player
 * manned.org/mkfs.

Launch the MOC terminal UI; mocp Launch the MOC terminal UI in a specific directory; mocp path/to/directory Start the MOC server in the background, without launching the MOC terminal UI; mocp ;;server Add a specific song to the play queue while MOC is in the background; mocp ;;enqueue path/to/audio_file Add songs recursively to the play queue while MOC is in the background; mocp ;;append path/to/directory Clear the play queue while MOC is in the background; mocp ;;clear Play or stop the currently queued song while MOC is in the background; mocp ;;play|stop Stop the MOC server while it's in the background; mocp ;;exit mono Runtime for the .NET Framework
 * manned.org/mocp.

Run a .NET assembly in debug mode; mono ;;debug path/to/program.exe Run a .NET assembly; mono path/to/program.exe mons A tool to quickly manage two displays
 * www.mono;project.com/docs/.

Enable only the primary monitor; mons ;o Enable only the secondary monitor; mons ;s Duplicate the primary monitor onto the secondary monitor, using the resolution of the primary monitor; mons ;d Mirror the primary monitor onto the secondary monitor, using the resolution of the secondary monitor; mons ;m mssh GTK+ based SSH client for interacting with multiple SSH servers at once
 * github.com/Ventto/mons.

Open a new window and connect to multiple SSH servers; mssh user@host1 user@host2 ... Open a new window and connect to a group of servers predefined in ~/.mssh_clusters; mssh ;;alias alias_name ncat Use the normal cat functionality over networks.
 * manned.org/mssh.

Listen for input on the specified port and write it to the specified file; ncat ;l port > path/to/file Accept multiple connections and keep ncat open after they have been closed; ncat ;lk port Write output of specified file to the specified host on the specified port; ncat address port < path/to/file ncdu Disk usage analyzer with an ncurses interface.

Analyze the current working directory; ncdu Analyze a given directory; ncdu path/to/directory Save results to a file; ncdu ;o path/to/file Exclude files that match a pattern, argument can be given multiple times to add More patterns;

ncdu ;;exclude '*.txt' nemo File manager and graphical shell for Cinnamon

Open a new window showing the user's home directory; nemo Open a new window showing the current directory; nemo. Close all open nemo windows; nemo ;;quit nmon A system administrator, tuner, and benchmark tool.
 * github.com/linuxmint/nemo.

Start nmon; nmon Save records to file (";s 300 ;c 288" by default); nmon ;f Save records to file with a total of 240 measurements, by taking 30 seconds between each measurement; nmon ;f ;s 30 ;c 240 ntpq Query the Network Time Protocol (NTP) daemon

Start ntpq in interactive mode; ntpq ;;interactive Print a list of NTP peers; ntpq ;;peers Print a list of NTP peers without resolving hostnames from IP addresses; ntpq ;;numeric ;;peers Use ntpq in debugging mode; ntpq ;;debug;level Print NTP system variables values; ntpq ;;command=rv opkg A lightweight package manager used to install OpenWrt packages.
 * www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/ntp/html/ntpq.html.

Install a package; opkg install package Remove a package; opkg remove package Update the list of available packages; opkg update Upgrade all the installed packages; opkg upgrade Upgrade one or More specific package(s);

opkg upgrade package(s) Display information for a specific package; opkg info package List all the available packages; opkg list paru An AUR helper and pacman wrapper

Interactively search for and install a package; paru package_name_or_seach_term Synchronize and update all packages; paru Upgrade AUR packages; paru ;Sua Get information about a package; paru ;Si package_name Download PKGBUILD and other package source files from the AUR or ABS; paru ;;getpkgbuild package_name Display the PKGBUILD file of a package; paru ;;getpkgbuild ;;print package_name perf Framework for Linux performance counter measurements.
 * github.com/Morganamilo/paru.

Display basic performance counter stats for a command; perf stat gcc hello.c Display system;wide real;time performance counter profile; sudo perf top Run a command and record its profile into perf.data; sudo perf record command Read perf.data (created by perf record) and display the profile; sudo perf report phar Create, update or extract PHP archives (PHAR).

Add space;separated files or directories to a Phar file; phar add ;f path/to/phar_file files_or_directories Display the contents of a Phar file; phar list ;f path/to/phar_file Delete the specified file or directory from a Phar file; phar delete ;f path/to/phar_file ;e file_or_directory Display full usage information and available hashing/compression algorithms; phar help Compress or uncompress files and directories in a Phar file; phar compress ;f path/to/phar_file ;c algorithm Get information about a Phar file; phar info ;f path/to/phar_file Sign a Phar file with a specific hash algorithm; phar sign ;f path/to/phar_file ;h algorithm Sign a Phar file with an OpenSSL private key; phar sign ;f path/to/phar_file ;h openssl ;y path/to/private_key pwdx Print working directory of a process.

Print current working directory of a process; pwdx process_id qsub Submits a script to the queue management system TORQUE.

Submit a script with default settings (depends on TORQUE settings); qsub script.sh Submit a script with a specified wallclock runtime limit of 1 hour, 2 minutes and 3 seconds; qsub ;l walltime=1;2;3 script.sh Submit a script that is executed on 2 nodes using 4 cores per node; qsub ;l nodes=2;ppn=4 script.sh Submit a script to a specific queue. Note that different queues can have different maximum and minimum runtime limits; qsub ;q queue_name script.sh rofi An application launcher and window switcher

Show the list of apps; rofi ;show drun Show the list of all commands; rofi ;show run Switch between windows; rofi ;show window Pipe a list of items to stdin and print the selected item to stdout; printf "Choice1\nChoice2\nChoice3" | rofi ;dmenu slop Get a selection of the screen
 * github.com/davatorium/rofi.

Wait for the user to make a selection and output its geometry to standard output; slop Double click, rather than click and drag, to draw a selection; slop ;D Highlight the selection rather than outlining it; slop ;l Specify the output format; slop ;f format_string Specify the selection rectangle's color; slop ;c red,green,blue,alpha snap Tool for managing the "snap" self;contained software packages.Similar to what apt is for ".deb".
 * github.com/naelstrof/slop.

Search for a package; snap find package_name Install a package; snap install package_name Update a package; snap refresh package_name Update a package to another channel (track, risk, or branch); snap refresh package_name ;;channel=channel Update all packages; snap refresh Display basic information about installed snap software; snap list Uninstall a package; snap remove package_name Check for recent snap changes in the system; snap changes srun Create an interactive slurm job or connect to an existing job

Submit a basic interactive job; srun ;;pty /bin/bash Submit an interactive job with different attributes; srun ;;ntasks;per;node=num_cores ;;mem;per;cpu=memory_MB ;;pty /bin/bash Connect to a worker node with a job running; srun ;;jobid=job_id ;;pty /bin/bash sxiv Simple X Image Viewer
 * slurm.schedmd.com/srun.html.

Open an image; sxiv path/to/file Open an image in fullscreen mode; sxiv ;f path/to/file Open a newline;separated list of images, reading filenames from standard input; echo path/to/file | sxiv ;i Open a space;separated list of images as a slideshow; sxiv ;S seconds path/to/file Open a space;separated list of images in thumbnail mode; sxiv ;t path/to/file tomb Manage encrypted storage directories that can be safely transported and hidden in a filesystem
 * github.com/muennich/sxiv.

Create a new tomb with an initial size of 100 MB; tomb dig ;s 100 encrypted_directory.tomb Create a new key file that can be used to lock a tomb* user will be prompted for a password for the key; tomb forge encrypted_directory.tomb.key Forcefully create a new key, even if the tomb isn't allowing key forging (due to swap); tomb forge encrypted_directory.tomb.key ;f Initialize and lock an empty tomb using a key made with forge; tomb lock encrypted_directory.tomb ;k encrypted_directory.tomb.key Mount a tomb (by default in /media) using its key, making it usable as a regular filesystem directory; tomb open encrypted_directory.tomb ;k encrypted_directory.tomb.key Close a tomb (fails if the tomb is being used by a process); tomb close encrypted_directory.tomb Forcefully close all open tombs, killing any applications using them; tomb slam all List all open tombs; tomb list trap Automatically execute commands after receiving signals by processes or the operating system.Can be used to perform cleanups for interruptions by the user or other actions
 * www.dyne.org/software/tomb/.

List available signals to set traps for; trap ;l List active traps for the current shell; trap ;p Set a trap to execute commands when one or More signals are detected;
 * manned.org/trap.

trap 'echo "Caught signal SIGHUP"' SIGHUP Remove active traps; trap * SIGHUP SIGINT tree Show the contents of the current directory as a tree

http;mama.indstate.edu/users/ice/tree/. Print files and directories up to 'num' levels of depth (where 1 means the current directory); tree ;L num Print directories only; tree ;d Print hidden files too with colorization on; tree ;a ;C Print the tree without indentation lines, showing the full path instead (use ;N to not escape non;printable characters); tree ;i ;f Print the size of each file and the cumulative size of each directory, in human;readable format; tree ;s ;h ;;du Print files within the tree hierarchy, using a wildcard (glob) pattern, and pruning out directories that don't contain matching files; tree ;P '*.txt' ;;prune Print directories within the tree hierarchy, using the wildcard (glob) pattern, and pruning out directories that aren't ancestors of the wanted one; tree ;P directory_name ;;matchdirs ;;prune Print the tree ignoring the given directories; tree ;I 'directory_name1|directory_name2' tuxi A CLI tool that scrapes Google search results and SERPs that provides instant and concise answers

Make a search using Google; tuxi search_terms Display the search results in [r]aw format (no pretty output, no colors); tuxi ;r search_terms Display only search results (silences "Did you mean?", greetings and usage); tuxi ;q search_terms Display help; tuxi ;h uuid Generate and decode Universally Unique Identifiers (UUID).See also uuidgen
 * github.com/Bugswriter/tuxi.

Generate a UUIDv1 (based on time and system's hardware address, if present); uuid Generate a UUIDv4 (based on random data); uuid ;v 4 Generate multiple UUIDv4 identifiers at once; uuid ;v 4 ;n number_of_uuids Generate a UUIDv4 and specify the output format; uuid ;v 4 ;F BIN|STR|SIV Generate a UUIDv4 and write the output to a file; uuid ;v 4 ;o path/to/file Generate a UUIDv5 (based on the supplied object name) with a specified namespace prefix; uuid ;v 5 ns;DNS|URL|OID|X500 object_name Decode a given UUID; uuid ;d uuid vipw Edit the password file
 * manned.org/uuid.

Edit the password file; vipw Display the current version of vipw; vipw ;;version vpnc A VPN client for the Cisco 3000 VPN Concentrator.
 * manned.org/vipw.

Connect with a defined configuration file; sudo vpnc config_file Terminate the previously created connection; sudo vpnc;disconnect vrms Report non;free packages installed on Debian;based OSes

List non;free and contrib packages (and their description); vrms Only output the package names; vrms ;;sparse wall Write a message on the terminals of users currently logged in.
 * debian.pages.debian.net/vrms/.

Send a message; echo "message" | wall Send a message from a file; wall file Send a message with timeout (default 300); wall ;t seconds file wine Run Windows programs on Unix

Run ipconfig.exe program; wine ipconfig /all Run cmd.exe in background; wine start cmd Run Windows;like Package Manager; wine uninstaller Install MSI packages; wine msiexec /i package xbps The X Binary Package System (or xbps) is the binary package system used by Void Linux
 * wiki.winehq.org/.

Install packages and synchronize them with the remote repository; xbps;install ;;synchronize package_name1 package_name2 Search for a package in the remote repository; xbps;query ;;repository ;s package_name Remove a package, leaving all of its dependencies installed; xbps;remove package_name Remove a package and all of its dependencies recursively that are not required by other packages; xbps;remove ;;recursive package_name Synchronize your repository databases and update your system and dependencies; xbps;install ;;synchronize ;u Remove packages that were installed as dependencies and aren't currently needed; xbps;remove ;;remove;orphans Remove obsolete packages from the cache; xbps;remove ;;clean;cache xman Manual page viewer for X Window System.
 * github.com/void;linux/xbps.

Start xman in three;button window; xman Open the manual page output stored in a given file; xman ;helpfile filename Show both manual page and directory; xman ;bothshown xsel X11 selection and clipboard manipulation tool.

Use a command's output as input of the clip[b]oard (equivalent to Ctrl + C); echo 123 | xsel ;ib Use the contents of a file as input of the clipboard; cat file | xsel ;ib Output the clipboard's contents into the terminal (equivalent to Ctrl + V); xsel ;ob Output the clipboard's contents into a file; xsel ;ob > file Clear the clipboard; xsel ;cb Output the X11 primary selection's contents into the terminal (equivalent to a mouse middle;click); xsel ;op yank Read input from stdin and display a selection interface that allows a field to be selected and copied to the clipboard.

Yank using the default delimiters (\f, \n, \r, \s, \t); sudo dmesg | yank Yank an entire line; sudo dmesg | yank ;l Yank using a specific delimiter; echo hello=world | yank ;d = Only yank fields matching a specific pattern; ps ux | yank ;g "[0;9]+" zile Zile is a lightweight clone of the Emacs text editor

Start a buffer for temporary notes, which won't be saved; zile Open a file; zile path/to/file Save a file; Ctrl + X, Ctrl + S Quit; Ctrl + X, Ctrl + C Open a file at a specified line number; zile +line_number path/to/file Undo changes; Ctrl + X, U anbox Run Android applications on any GNU/Linux operating system
 * www.gnu.org/software/zile/.

Launch Anbox into the app manager; anbox launch ;;package=org.anbox.appmgr ;;component=org.anbox.appmgr.AppViewActivity aplay Command;line sound player for ALSA soundcard driver
 * manned.org/anbox.

Play a specific file (sampling rate, bit depth, etc. will be automatically determined for the file format); aplay path/to/file Play the first 10 seconds of a specific file at 2500 Hz; aplay ;;duration=10 ;;rate=2500 path/to/file Play the raw file as a 22050 Hz, mono, 8;bit, Mu;Law .au file; aplay ;;channels=1 ;;file;type raw ;;rate=22050 ;;format=mu_law path/to/file ascii Show ASCII character aliases
 * manned.org/aplay.

http;www.catb.org/~esr/ascii/. Show ASCII aliases of a character; ascii a Show ASCII aliases in short, script;friendly mode; ascii ;t a Show ASCII aliases of multiple characters; ascii ;s tldr Show ASCII table in decimal; ascii ;d Show ASCII table in hexadecimal; ascii ;x Show ASCII table in octal; ascii ;o Show ASCII table in binary; ascii ;b Show options summary and complete ASCII table; ascii blkid Lists all recognized partitions and their Universally Unique Identifier (UUID)

List all partitions; sudo blkid List all partitions in a table, including current mountpoints; sudo blkid ;o list brctl Ethernet bridge administration
 * manned.org/blkid.

Show a list with information about currently existing Ethernet bridges; sudo brctl show Create a new Ethernet bridge interface; sudo brctl add bridge_name Delete an existing Ethernet bridge interface; sudo brctl del bridge_name Add an interface to an existing bridge; sudo brctl addif bridge_name interface_name Remove an interface from an existing bridge; sudo brctl delif bridge_name interface_name btrfs A filesystem based on the copy;on;write (COW) principle for Linux
 * manned.org/brctl.

Create subvolume; sudo btrfs subvolume create path/to/subvolume List subvolumes; sudo btrfs subvolume list path/to/mount_point Show space usage information; sudo btrfs filesystem df path/to/mount_point Enable quota; sudo btrfs quota enable path/to/subvolume Show quota; sudo btrfs qgroup show path/to/subvolume chage Change user account and password expiry information
 * btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Manpage/btrfs.

List password information for the user; chage ;l username Enable password expiration in 10 days; sudo chage ;M 10 username Disable password expiration; sudo chage ;M ;1 username Set account expiration date; sudo chage ;E YYYY;MM;DD Force user to change password on next log in; sudo chage ;d 0 chcpu Enable/disable a system's CPUs
 * manned.org/chage.

Disable CPUs via a list of CPU ID numbers; chcpu ;d 1,3 Enable a set of CPUs via a range of CPU ID numbers; chcpu ;e 1;10 colrm Remove columns from stdin
 * manned.org/chcpu.

Remove first column of stdin; colrm 1 1 Remove from 3rd column till the end of each line; colrm 3 Remove from the 3rd column till the 5th column of each line; colrm 3 5 conky Light;weight system monitor for X
 * manned.org/colrm.

Launch with default, built;in config; conky Create a new default config; conky ;C > ~/.conkyrc Launch Conky with a given config file; conky ;c path/to/config Start in the background (daemonize); conky ;d Align Conky on the desktop; conky ;a top,bottom,middle_left,right,middle Pause for 5 seconds at startup before launching; conky ;p 5 cpuid Display detailed information about all CPUs
 * github.com/brndnmtthws/conky.

http;etallen.com/cpuid.html. Display information for all CPUs; cpuid Display information only for the current CPU; cpuid ;1 Display raw hex information with no decoding; cpuid ;r dconf Simple tool for manipulating dconf databases.See also dconf write

Print the value of a dconf path; dconf read /example/dconf/path List contents of a dconf path; dconf list /example/dconf/path Watch for dconf database changes in a path and subpaths; dconf watch /example/dconf/path diff3 Compare three files line by line
 * developer.gnome.org/dconf.

Compare files; diff3 file1 file2 file3 Show all changes, outlining conflicts; diff3 ;;show;all file1 file2 file3 dmenu Dynamic menu.Creates a menu from a text input with each item on a new line
 * www.gnu.org/software/diffutils/manual/html_node/Invoking;diff3.html.

Display a menu of the output of the ls command; ls | dmenu Display a menu with custom items separated by a new line (\n); echo ;e "red\ngreen\nblue" | dmenu Let the user choose between multiple items and save the selected one to a file; echo ;e "red\ngreen\nblue" | dmenu > color.txt Launch dmenu on a specific monitor; ls | dmenu ;m 1 Display dmenu at the bottom of the screen; ls | dmenu ;b dmesg Write the kernel messages to standard output
 * manned.org/dmenu.

Show kernel messages; dmesg Show kernel error messages; dmesg ;;level err Show kernel messages and keep reading new ones, similar to tail ;f (available in kernels 3.5.0 and newer); dmesg ;w Show how much physical memory is available on this system; dmesg | grep ;i memory Show kernel messages 1 page at a time; dmesg | less Show kernel messages with a timestamp (available in kernels 3.5.0 and newer); dmesg ;T Show kernel messages in human;readable form (available in kernels 3.5.0 and newer); dmesg ;H Colorize output (available in kernels 3.5.0 and newer); dmesg ;L dstat Versatile tool for generating system resource statistics
 * manned.org/dmesg.

http;dag.wieers.com/home;made/dstat. Display CPU, disk, net, paging and system statistics; dstat Display statistics every 5 seconds and 4 updates only; dstat 5 4 Display CPU and memory statistics only; dstat ;;cpu ;;mem List all available dstat plugins; dstat ;;list Display the process using the most memory and most CPU; dstat ;;top;mem ;;top;cpu Display battery percentage and remaining battery time; dstat ;;battery ;;battery;remain eject Eject cds, floppy disks and tape drives

Display the default device; eject ;d Eject the default device; eject Eject a specific device (the default order is cd;rom, scsi, floppy and tape); eject /dev/cdrom Toggle whether a device's tray is open or closed; eject ;T /dev/cdrom Eject a cd drive; eject ;r /dev/cdrom Eject a floppy drive; eject ;f /mnt/floppy Eject a tape drive; eject ;q /mnt/tape eyeD3 Read and manipulate metadata of MP3 files
 * manned.org/eject.

View information about an MP3 file; eyeD3 filename.mp3 Set the title of an MP3 file; eyeD3 ;;title "A Title" filename.mp3 Set the album of all the MP3 files in a directory; eyeD3 ;;album "Album Name" *.mp3 Set the front cover art for an MP3 file; eyeD3 ;;add;image front_cover.jpeg;FRONT_COVER* filename.mp3 f5fpc A proprietry commercial SSL VPN client by BIG;IP Edge
 * eyed3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/.

Open a new VPN connection; sudo f5fpc ;;start Open a new VPN connection to a specific host; sudo f5fpc ;;start ;;host host.example.com Specify a username (user will be prompted for a password); sudo f5fpc ;;start ;;host host.example.com ;;username user Show the current VPN status; sudo f5fpc ;;info Shutdown the VPN connection; sudo f5fpc ;;stop fdisk A program for managing partition tables and partitions on a hard disk.See also* partprobe
 * techdocs.f5.com/kb/en;us/products/big;ip_apm/manuals/product/apm;client;configuration;11;4;0/4.html.

List partitions; sudo fdisk ;l Start the partition manipulator; sudo fdisk /dev/sdX Once partitioning a disk, create a partition; n Once partitioning a disk, select a partition to delete; d Once partitioning a disk, view the partition table; p Once partitioning a disk, write the changes made; w Once partitioning a disk, discard the changes made; q Once partitioning a disk, open a help menu; m finch Console;based modular messaging client
 * manned.org/fdisk.

Launch finch; finch Quit; alt + q or ctrl + c Show actions menu; alt + a Jump to n;th window; alt + number_key Close current window; alt + c Start moving a window, use arrow keys to move, press escape when done; alt + m Start resizing a window, use arrow keys to resize, press escape when done; alt + r flash Flash cards in the terminal
 * developer.pidgin.im/wiki/Using%20Finch.

Open a menu of available flashcard decks for selection; flash Display the program version; flash ;v Display information about the flashcard system; flash ;i Display a list of available commands; flash ;h Change the previewer from default bat to cat; flash ;p cat fuser Display process IDs currently using files or sockets
 * github.com/tallguyjenks/fla.sh.

Find which processes are accessing a file or directory; fuser path/to/file_or_directory Show More fields (USER, PID, ACCESS and COMMAND);
 * manned.org/fuser.

fuser ;;verbose path/to/file_or_directory Identify processes using a TCP socket; fuser ;;namespace tcp port Kill all processes accessing a file or directory (sends the SIGKILL signal); fuser ;;kill path/to/file_or_directory Find which processes are accessing the filesystem containing a specific file or directory; fuser ;;mount path/to/file_or_directory gdebi Simple tool to install .deb files

Install local .deb packages resolving and installing its dependencies; gdebi path/to/package.deb Display the program version; gdebi ;;version Do not show progress information; gdebi path/to/package.deb ;;quiet Set an APT configuration option; gdebi path/to/package.deb ;;option=APT_OPTS Use alternative root dir; gdebi path/to/package.deb ;;root=path/to/root_dir gedit Text editor of the GNOME Desktop project
 * www.commandlinux.com/man;page/man1/gdebi.1.html.

Open a text file; gedit path/to/file Open multiple text files; gedit file1 file2 ... Open a text file with a specific encoding; gedit ;;encoding=UTF;8 path/to/file Display a list of supported encodings; gedit ;;list;encodings genid Generate IDs, such as snowflakes, UUIDs, and a new GAID
 * help.gnome.org/users/gedit/stable/.

Generate a UUIDv4; genid uuid Generate a UUIDv5 using a namespace UUID and a specific name; genid uuidv5 ce598faa;8dd0;49ee;8525;9e24fff71dca name Generate a Discord Snowflake, without a trailing newline (useful in shell scripts); genid ;;script snowflake Generate a Generic Anonymous ID with a specific "real ID"; genid gaid real_id Generate a Snowflake with the epoch set to a specific date; genid snowflake ;;epoch=unix_epoch_time genie Set up and use a "bottle" namespace to run systemd under WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux).To run these from Windows rather than an already;running distribution, precede them with wsl
 * github.com/bleonard252/genid.

Initialize the bottle (run once, at start); genie ;i Run a login shell inside the bottle; genie ;s Run a specified command inside the bottle; genie ;c command guake A drop;down terminal for GNOME
 * github.com/arkane;systems/genie.

http;guake;project.org/. Toggle Guake visibility; F12 Toggle fullscreen mode; F11 Open a new tab; Ctrl+Shift+T Close the terminal; Super+X Go to the previous tab; Ctrl+PageUp Search the selected text in the browser; Shift+Ctrl+L hello Print "Hello, world!", "hello, world" or a customizable text

Print "Hello, world!"; hello Print "hello, world", the traditional type; hello ;;traditional Print a text message; hello ;;greeting="greeting_text" hlint Tool for suggesting improvements to Haskell code
 * www.gnu.org/software/hello/.

http;hackage.haskell.org/package/hlint. Display suggestions for a given file; hlint path/to/file options Check all Haskell files and generate a report; hlint path/to/directory ;;report Automatically apply most suggestions; hlint path/to/file ;;refactor Display additional options; hlint path/to/file ;;refactor;options Generate a settings file ignoring all outstanding hints; hlint path/to/file ;;default > .hlint.yaml iftop Show bandwidth usage on an interface by host

Show the bandwidth usage; sudo iftop Show the bandwidth usage of a given interface; sudo iftop ;i interface Show the bandwidth usage with port information; sudo iftop ;P Do not show bar graphs of traffic; sudo iftop ;b Do not look up hostnames; sudo iftop ;n Get help about interactive commands; ? ipcmk Create IPC (Inter;process Communication) resources.
 * manned.org/iftop.

Create a shared memory segment; ipcmk ;;shmem segment_size_in_bytes Create a semaphore; ipcmk ;;semaphore element_size Create a message queue; ipcmk ;;queue Create a shared memory segment with specific permissions (default is 0644); ipcmk ;;shmem segment_size_in_bytes octal_permissons ipcrm Delete IPC (Inter;process Communication) resources.

Delete a shared memory segment by ID; ipcrm ;;shmem;id shmem_id Delete a shared memory segment by key; ipcrm ;;shmem;key shmem_key Delete an IPC queue by ID; ipcrm ;;queue;id ipc_queue_id Delete an IPC queue by key; ipcrm ;;queue;key ipc_queue_key Delete a semaphore by ID; ipcrm ;;semaphore;id semaphore_id Delete a semaphore by key; ipcrm ;;semaphore;key semaphore_key Delete all IPC resources; ipcrm ;;all iwctl A command;line tool for controlling the iwd network supplicant

Start the interactive mode, in this mode you can enter the commands directly, with autocompletion; iwctl Call general help; iwctl ;;help Display your Wi;Fi stations; iwctl station list Start looking for networks with a station; iwctl station station scan Display the networks found by a station; iwctl station station get;networks Connect to a network with a station, if credentials are needed they will be asked; iwctl station station connect network_name kexec Directly reboot into a new kernel.
 * iwd.wiki.kernel.org/gettingstarted.

Load a new kernel; kexec ;l path/to/kernel ;;initrd=path/to/initrd ;;command;line=arguments Load a new kernel with current boot parameters; kexec ;l path/to/kernel ;;initrd=path/to/initrd ;;reuse;cmdline Execute a currently loaded kernel; kexec ;e Unload current kexec target kernel; kexec ;u lastb Show a listing of last logged in users

Show a list of all last logged in users; sudo lastb Show a list of all last logged in users since a given time; sudo lastb ;;since YYYY;MM;DD Show a list of all last logged in users until a given time; sudo lastb ;;until YYYY;MM;DD Show a list of all logged in users at a specific time; sudo lastb ;;present hh;mm Show a list of all last logged in users and translate the IP into a hostname; sudo lastb ;;dns legit Complementary command;line interface for Git
 * manned.org/lastb.

Switch to a specified branch, stashing and restoring unstaged changes; git switch target_branch Synchronize current branch, automatically merging or rebasing, and stashing and unstashing; git sync Publish a specified branch to the remote server; git publish branch_name Remove a branch from the remote server; git unpublish branch_name List all branches and their publication status; git branches glob_pattern Remove the last commit from the history; git undo ;;hard light CLI to control the backlight of your screen
 * frostming.github.io/legit.

Get the current backlight value in percent; light Set the backlight value to 50 percent; light ;S 50 Reduce 20 percent from the current backlight value; light ;U 20 Add 20 percent to the current backlight value; light ;A 20 login Initiates a session for a user
 * manned.org/light.

Log in as a user; login user Log in as user without authentication if user is preauthenticated; login ;f user Log in as user and preserve environment; login ;p user Log in as a user on a remote host; login ;h host user lrzip A large file compression program.See also lrunzip, lrztar, lrzuntar
 * manned.org/login.

Compress a file with LZMA * slow compression, fast decompression; lrzip filename Compress a file with BZIP2 * good middle ground for compression/speed; lrzip ;b filename Compress with ZPAQ * extreme compression, but very slow; lrzip ;z filename Compress with LZO * light compression, extremely fast decompression; lrzip ;l filename Compress a file and password protect/encrypt it; lrzip ;e filename Override the number of processor threads to use; lrzip ;p 8 filename lsblk Lists information about devices
 * manned.org/lrzip.

List all storage devices in a tree;like format; lsblk Also list empty devices; lsblk ;a Print the SIZE column in bytes rather than in a human;readable format; lsblk ;b Output info about filesystems; lsblk ;f Use ASCII characters for tree formatting; lsblk ;i Output info about block;device topology; lsblk ;t Exclude the devices specified by the comma;separated list of major device numbers; lsblk ;e 1,7 Display a customized summary using a comma;separated list of columns; lsblk ;;output NAME,SERIAL,MODEL,TRAN,TYPE,SIZE,FSTYPE,MOUNTPOINT lscpu Displays information about the CPU architecture
 * manned.org/lsblk.

Display information about all CPUs; lscpu Display information in a table; lscpu ;;extended Display only information about offline CPUs in a table; lscpu ;;extended ;;offline lsmod Shows the status of Linux kernel modules.See also modprobe, which loads kernel modules
 * manned.org/lscpu.

List all currently loaded kernel modules; lsmod lspci List all PCI devices
 * manned.org/lsmod.

Show a brief list of devices; lspci Display additional info; lspci ;v Display drivers and modules handling each device; lspci ;k Show a specific device; lspci ;s 00;18.3 Dump info in a readable form; lspci ;vm lsusb Display information about USB buses and devices connected to them
 * manned.org/lspci.

List all the USB devices available; lsusb List the USB hierarchy as a tree; lsusb ;t List verbose information about USB devices; lsusb ;;verbose List detailed information about a USB device; lsusb ;D device List devices with a specified vendor and product ID only; lsusb ;d vendor;product lynis System and security auditing tool
 * manned.org/lsusb.

Check that Lynis is up;to;date; sudo lynis update info Run a security audit of the system; sudo lynis audit system Run a security audit of a Dockerfile; sudo lynis audit dockerfile path/to/dockerfile mandb Manage the pre;formatted manual page database
 * cisofy.com/documentation/lynis/.

Purge and process manual pages; mandb Update a single entry; mandb ;;filename path/to/file Create entries from scratch instead of updating; mandb ;;create Only process user databases; mandb ;;user;db Do not purge obsolete entries; mandb ;;no;purge Check the validity of manual pages; mandb ;;test mdadm RAID management utility
 * man7.org/linux/man;pages/man8/mandb.8.html.

Create array; mdadm ;;create /dev/md/MyRAID ;;level raid_level ;;raid;devices number_of_disks /dev/sdXN Stop array; mdadm ;;stop /dev/md0 Mark disk as failed; mdadm ;;fail /dev/md0 /dev/sdXN Remove disk; mdadm ;;remove /dev/md0 /dev/sdXN Add disk to array; mdadm ;;assemble /dev/md0 /dev/sdXN Show RAID info; mdadm ;;detail /dev/md0 mknod Create block or character device special files
 * manned.org/mdadm.

mknod.

Create a block device; sudo mknod path/to/device_file b major_device_number minor_device_number Create a character device; sudo mknod path/to/device_file c major_device_number minor_device_number Create a FIFO (queue) device; sudo mknod path/to/device_file p Create a device file with default SELinux security context; sudo mknod ;Z path/to/device_file type major_device_number minor_device_number mmcli Control and monitor the ModemManager

List SMS messages available on the modem; sudo mmcli ;;modem=modem ;;messaging;list;sms Delete a message from the modem, specifying its path; sudo mmcli ;;modem=modem ;;messaging;delete;sms=path/to/message_file mycli A command;line client for MySQL that can do auto;completion and syntax highlighting
 * www.freedesktop.org/software/ModemManager/man/latest/mmcli.1.html.

Connect to a local database on port 3306, using the current user's username; mycli database_name Connect to a database (user will be prompted for a password); mycli ;u username database_name Connect to a database on another host; mycli ;h database_host ;P port ;u username database_name named Execute the DNS (Dynamic Name Service) server daemon that converts host names to IP addresses and vice versa
 * mycli.net.

Read the default configuration file /etc/named.conf, read any initial data and listen for queries; named Read a custom configuration file; named ;c path/to/named.conf Use IPv4 or IPv6 only, even if the host machine is capable of utilising other protocols; named ;4|;6 Listen for queries on a specific port instead of the default port 53; named ;p port Run the server in the foreground and do not daemonize; named ;f namei Follows a pathname (which can be a symbolic link) until a terminal point is found (a file/directory/char device etc).This program is useful for finding "too many levels of symbolic links" problems.
 * manned.org/named.

Resolve the pathnames specified as the argument parameters; namei path/to/a path/to/b path/to/c Display the results in a long;listing format; namei ;;long path/to/a path/to/b path/to/c Show the mode bits of each file type in the style of ls; namei ;;modes path/to/a path/to/b path/to/c Show owner and group name of each file; namei ;;owners path/to/a path/to/b path/to/c Don't follow symlinks while resolving; namei ;;nosymlinks path/to/a path/to/b path/to/c ndctl Utility for managing Non;Volatile DIMMs.

Create an 'fsdax' mode namespace; ndctl create;namespace ;;mode=fsdax Change the mode of a namespace to 'raw'; ndctl create;namespace ;;reconfigure=namespaceX.Y ;;mode=raw Check a sector mode namespace for consistency, and repair if needed; ndctl check;namespace ;;repair namespaceX.Y List all namespaces, regions, and buses (including disabled ones); ndctl list ;;namespaces ;;regions ;;buses ;;idle List a specific namespace and include lots of additional information; ndctl list ;vvv ;;namespace=namespaceX.Y Run a monitor to watch for SMART health events for NVDIMMs on the 'ACPI.NFIT' bus; ndctl monitor ;;bus=ACPI.NFIT Remove a namespace (when applicable) or reset it to an initial state; ndctl destroy;namespace ;;force namespaceX.Y nmcli A command;line tool for controlling NetworkManager

Run an nmcli subcommand; nmcli agent|connection|device|general|help|monitor|networking|radio command_options Display the current version of NetworkManager; nmcli ;;version Display help; nmcli ;;help Display help for a subcommand; nmcli subcommand ;;help nmtui Text user interface for controlling NetworkManager.Use arrow keys to navigate, enter to select an option.
 * manned.org/nmcli.

Open the user interface; nmtui Show a list of available connections, with the option to activate or deactivate them; nmtui connect Connect to a given network; nmtui connect name|uuid|device|SSID Edit/Add/Delete a given network; nmtui edit name|id Set the system hostname; nmtui hostname pamac A command;line utility for the GUI package manager pamac.If you can't see the AUR packages, enable it in /etc/pamac.conf or in the GUI

Install a new package; pamac install package_name Remove a package and its no longer required dependencies (orphans); pamac remove ;;orphans package_name Search the package database for a package; pamac search package_name List installed packages; pamac list ;;installed Check for package updates; pamac checkupdates Upgrade all packages; pamac upgrade partx Parse a partition table and tell the kernel about it
 * wiki.manjaro.org/index.php/Pamac.

List the partitions on a block device or disk image; sudo partx ;;list path/to/device_or_disk_image Add all the partitions found in a given block device to the kernel; sudo partx ;;add ;;verbose path/to/device_or_disk_image Delete all the partitions found from the kernel (does not alter partitions on disk); sudo partx ;;delete path/to/device_or_disk_image pidof Gets the ID of a process using its name.
 * man7.org/linux/man;pages/man8/partx.8.html.

List all process IDs with given name; pidof bash List a single process ID with given name; pidof ;s bash List process IDs including scripts with given name; pidof ;x script.py Kill all processes with given name; kill "$(pidof name)" pivpn Easy security;hardened OpenVPN setup and manager.Originally designed for the Raspberry Pi, but works on other Linux devices too

http;www.pivpn.io/. Add a new client device; sudo pivpn add List all client devices; sudo pivpn list List currently connected devices and their statistics; sudo pivpn clients Revoke a previously authenticated device; sudo pivpn revoke Uninstall PiVPN; sudo pivpn uninstall pkgmk Make a binary package for use with pkgadd on CRUX.

Make and download a package; pkgmk ;d Install the package after making it; pkgmk ;d ;i Upgrade the package after making it; pkgmk ;d ;u Ignore the footprint when making a package; pkgmk ;d ;if Ignore the MD5 sum when making a package; pkgmk ;d ;im Update the package's footprint; pkgmk ;uf pkgrm Remove a package from a CRUX system.

Remove an installed package; pkgrm package_name ports Update/list the ports tree on a CRUX system.

Update the ports tree; ports ;u List the ports in the current tree; ports ;l Check the differences between installed packages and the ports tree; ports ;d print An alias to a run;mailcap's action print.Originally run;mailcap is used to process mime;type/file.

Print action can be used to print any file on default run;mailcap tool; print filename With run;mailcap; run;mailcap ;;action=print filename procs Display information about the active processes

List all processes showing the PID, user, CPU usage, memory usage, and the command which started them; procs Show information about processes, if the commands which started them contain zsh; procs zsh Show information about all processes sorted by CPU time in [a]scending or [d]escending order; procs ;;sortd|;;sorta cpu Show information about processes with either a PID, command, or user containing (zsh or firefox); procs ;;or PID|command|user 41 firefox Show information about processes with both PID 41 and a command or user containing zsh; procs ;;and 41 zsh pwgen Generate pronounceable passwords.
 * github.com/dalance/procs.

Generate random password with s[y]mbols; pwgen ;y length Generate secure, hard;to;memorize passwords; pwgen ;s length Generate password with at least one capital letter in them; pwgen ;c length reset Reinitialises the current terminal. Clears the entire terminal screen.

Reinitialise the current terminal; reset Display the terminal type instead; reset ;q sacct Display accounting data from the Slurm service

Display job id, job name, partition, account, number of allocated cpus, job state, and job exit codes for recent jobs; sacct Display job id, job state, job exit code for recent jobs; sacct ;;brief Display the allocations of a job; sacct ;;jobs job_id ;;allocations Display elapsed time, job name, number of requested CPUs, and memory requested of a job; sacct ;;jobs job_id ;;format=elapsed,jobname,reqcpus,reqmem scrot Screen capture utility
 * slurm.schedmd.com/sacct.html.

Capture a screenshot and save it to the current directory with the current date as the filename; scrot Capture a screenshot and save it as capture.png; scrot capture.png Capture a screenshot interactively; scrot ;;select Capture a screenshot from the currently focused window; scrot ;;focused Display a countdown of 10 seconds before taking a screenshot; scrot ;;count ;;delay 10 sfill Securely overwrite the free space and inodes of the partition where the specified directory resides
 * github.com/resurrecting;open;source;projects/scrot.

Overwrite free space and inodes of a disk with 38 writes (slow but secure); sfill /path/to/mounted_disk_directory Overwrite free space and inodes of a disk with 6 writes (fast but less secure) and show status; sfill ;l ;v /path/to/mounted_disk_directory Overwrite free space and inodes of a disk with 1 write (very fast but insecure) and show status; sfill ;ll ;v /path/to/mounted_disk_directory Overwrite only free space of a disk; sfill ;I /path/to/mounted_disk_directory Overwrite only free inodes of a disk; sfill ;i /path/to/mounted_disk_directory sinfo View information about Slurm nodes and partitions.See also squeue and sbatch, which are also part of the Slurm workload manager
 * manned.org/sfill.

Show a quick summary overview of the cluster; sinfo ;;summarize View the detailed status of all partitions across the entire cluster; sinfo View the detailed status of a specific partition; sinfo ;;partition partition_name View information about idle nodes; sinfo ;;states idle Summarise dead nodes; sinfo ;;dead List dead nodes and the reasons why; sinfo ;;list;reasons sstat View information about running jobs
 * slurm.schedmd.com/sinfo.html.

Display status information of a comma;separated list of jobs; sstat ;;jobs=job_id Display job ID, average CPU and average virtual memory size of a comma;separated list of jobs, with pipes as column delimiters; sstat ;;parsable ;;jobs=job_id ;;format=JobID,AveCPU,AveVMSize Display list of fields available; sstat ;;helpformat swupd Package management utility for Clear Linux
 * slurm.schedmd.com/sstat.html.

Update to the latest version; sudo swupd update Show current version, and check whether a newer one exists; swupd check;update List installed bundles; swupd bundle;list Locate the bundle where a wanted package exists; swupd search ;b package Install a new bundle; sudo swupd bundle;add bundle Remove a bundle; sudo swupd bundle;remove bundle Correct broken or missing files; sudo swupd verify trash A CLI for managing your trashcan / recycling bin
 * docs.01.org/clearlinux/latest/guides/clear/swupd.html.

Delete a file (send to trash); trash path/to/file List files in trash; trash;list Restore file from trash; trash;restore Empty trash; trash;empty Empty trash, keeping files trashed less than 10 days ago; trash;empty 10 Remove all files named 'foo' from the trash; trash;rm foo Remove all files with a given original location; trash;rm /absolute/path/to/file_or_directory unset Remove shell variables or functions
 * github.com/andreafrancia/trash;cli.

Remove the variable foo, or if the variable doesn't exist, remove the function foo; unset foo Remove the variables foo and bar; unset ;v foo bar Remove the function my_func; unset ;f my_func urxvt Rxvt;unicode.A customizable terminal emulator.
 * manned.org/unset.

Open a new urxvt window; urxvt Run in a specific directory; urxvt ;cd path/to/directory Run a command in a new urxvt window; urxvt ;e command Run a command and keep the window open; urxvt ;;hold ;e command Run a command within the sh shell; urxvt ;e sh ;c command uuidd Daemon for generating UUIDs

Generate a random UUID; uuidd ;;random Generate a bulk number of random UUIDs; uuidd ;;random ;;uuids number_of_uuids Generate a time;based UUID, based on the current time and MAC address of the system; uuidd ;;time No tldr entry for vcgen
 * manned.org/uuidd.

watch Execute a program periodically, showing output fullscreen.

Repeatedly run a command and show the result; watch command Re;run a command every 60 seconds; watch ;n 60 command Monitor the contents of a directory, highlighting differences as they appear; watch ;d ls ;l wodim Command (aliased as cdrecord on some systems) for recording data to CDs or DVDs.Some invocations of wodim can cause destructive actions, such as erasing all the data on a disc.

Display optical drives available to wodim; wodim ;;devices Record ("burn") an audio;only disc; wodim dev=/dev/optical_drive ;audio track*.cdaudio Burn a file to a disc, ejecting the disc once done (some recorders require this); wodim ;eject dev=/dev/optical_drive ;data file.iso Burn a file to the disc in an optical drive, potentially writing to multiple discs in succession; wodim ;tao dev=/dev/optical_drive ;data file.iso xclip X11 clipboard manipulation tool, similar to xsel.Handles the X primary and secondary selections, plus the system clipboard (Ctrl + C/Ctrl + V).

Copy the output from a command to the X11 primary selection area (clipboard); echo 123 | xclip Copy the output from a command to a given X11 selection area; echo 123 | xclip ;selection primary|secondary|clipboard Copy the output from a command to the system clipboard, using short notation; echo 123 | xclip ;sel clip Copy the contents of a file into the system clipboard; xclip ;sel clip input_file.txt Copy the contents of a PNG into the system clipboard (can be pasted in other programs correctly); xclip ;sel clip ;t image/png input_file.png Copy the user input in the console into the system clipboard; xclip ;i Paste the contents of the X11 primary selection area to the console; xclip ;o Paste the contents of the system clipboard to the console; xclip ;o ;sel clip xeyes Display eyes on the screen that follow the mouse cursor.

Launch xeyes on the local machine's default display; xeyes Launch xeyes on a remote machine's display 0, screen 0; xeyes ;display remote_host;0.0 xterm A terminal emulator for the X Window System.

Open the terminal with a title of Example; xterm ;T Example Open the terminal in fullscreen mode; xterm ;fullscreen Open the terminal with a dark blue background and yellow foreground (font color); xterm ;bg darkblue ;fg yellow Open the terminal with 100 characters per line and 35 lines, in screen position x=200px, y=20px; xterm ;geometry 100x35+200+20 Open the terminal using a Serif font and a font size equal to 20; xterm ;fa 'Serif' ;fs 20 zgrep Grep text patterns from files within compressed file (equivalent to grep ;Z).

Grep a pattern in a compressed file (case;sensitive); zgrep pattern path/to/compressed/file Grep a pattern in a compressed file (case;insensitive); zgrep ;i pattern path/to/compressed/file Output count of lines containing matched pattern in a compressed file; zgrep ;c pattern path/to/compressed/file Display the lines which don’t have the pattern present (Invert the search function); zgrep ;v pattern path/to/compressed/file Grep a compressed file for multiple patterns; zgrep ;e "pattern_1" ;e "pattern_2" path/to/compressed/file Use extended regular expressions (supporting ?, +,, and |); zgrep ;E regular_expression path/to/file Print 3 lines of [C]ontext around, [B]efore, or [A]fter each match; zgrep ;C|B|A 3 pattern path/to/compressed/file alpine An email client and Usenet newsgroup program with a pico/nano;inspired interface.Supports most modern email services through IMAP.

Open alpine normally; alpine Open alpine directly to the message composition screen to send an email to a given email address; alpine email@example.net Quit alpine; 'q' then 'y' amixer Mixer for ALSA soundcard driver

Turn up the master volume by 10%; amixer ;D pulse sset Master 10%+ Turn down the master volume by 10%; amixer ;D pulse sset Master 10%; archey Simple tool for stylishly displaying system information
 * manned.org/amixer.

Show system information; archey aspell Interactive spell checker
 * lclarkmichalek.github.io/archey3/.

http;aspell.net/. Spell check a single file; aspell check path/to/file List misspelled words from standard input; cat file | aspell list Show available dictionary languages; aspell dicts Run aspell with a different language (takes two;letter ISO 639 language code); aspell ;;lang=cs List misspelled words from standard input and ignore words from personal word list; cat file | aspell ;;personal=personal;word;list.pws list aurman An Arch Linux utility to build and install packages from the Arch User Repository.See also pacman

Synchronize and update all packages; aurman ;;sync ;;refresh ;;sysupgrade Synchronize and update all packages without show changes of PKGBUILD files; aurman ;;sync ;;refresh ;;sysupgrade ;;noedit Install a new package; aurman ;;sync package_name Install a new package without show changes of PKGBUILD files; aurman ;;sync ;;noedit package_name Install a new package without prompting; aurman ;;sync ;;noedit ;;noconfirm package_name Search the package database for a keyword from the official repositories and AUR; aurman ;;sync ;;search keyword Remove a package and its dependencies; aurman ;;remove ;;recursive ;;nosave package_name Clear the package cache (use two ;;clean flags to clean all packages); aurman ;;sync ;;clean bpytop Display dynamic real;time information about running processes with graphs. Similar to gtop and htop
 * github.com/polygamma/aurman.

Start bpytop; bpytop Start in minimal mode without memory and networking boxes; bpytop ;m Show version; bpytop ;v Toggle minimal mode; m Search for running programs or processes; f Change settings; M cfdisk A program for managing partition tables and partitions on a hard disk using a curses UI
 * github.com/aristocratos/bpytop.

Start the partition manipulator with a specific device; cfdisk /dev/sdX Create a new partition table for a specific device and manage it; cfdisk ;;zero /dev/sdX chattr Change attributes of files or directories
 * manned.org/cfdisk.

Make a file or directory immutable to changes and deletion, even by superuser; chattr +i path/to/file_or_directory Make a file or directory mutable; chattr ;i path/to/file_or_directory Recursively make an entire directory and contents immutable; chattr ;R +i path/to/directory clamav Open;source anti;virus program.Designed especially for e;mail scanning on mail gateways, but can be used in other contexts
 * manned.org/chattr.

Update virus definitions; freshclam Scan a file for viruses; clamscan path/to/file Scan directories recursively and print out infected files; clamscan ;;recursive ;;infected path/to/directory Scan directories recursively and move them into quarantine; clamscan ;;recursive ;;move=directory csplit Split a file into pieces.This generates files named "xx00", "xx01", and so on
 * www.clamav.net.

csplit.

Split a file at lines 5 and 23; csplit file 5 23 Split a file every 5 lines (this will fail if the total number of lines is not divisible by 5); csplit file 5 * Split a file every 5 lines, ignoring exact;division error; csplit ;k file 5 * Split a file at line 5 and use a custom prefix for the output files; csplit file 5 ;f prefix Split a file at a line matching a regular expression; csplit file /regular_expression/ debman Read man pages from uninstalled packages

Read a man page for a command that is provided by a specified package name; debman ;p package_name command_name Specify a package version to download; debman ;p package_name=version command_name Read a man page in a .deb file; debman ;f path/to/filename.deb command_name disown Allow sub;processes to live beyond the shell that they are attached to.See also the jobs command
 * manpages.debian.org/latest/debian;goodies/debman.1.html.

Disown the current job; disown Disown a specific job; disown %job_number Disown all jobs; disown ;a Keep job (do not disown it), but mark it so that no future SIGHUP is received on shell exit; disown ;h %job_number e2fsck Check a Linux ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem. The filesystem should be unmounted at the time the command is run
 * www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#index;disown.

Check filesystem, reporting any damaged blocks; e2fsck /dev/sdXN Check filesystem and automatically repair any damaged blocks; e2fsck ;p /dev/sdXN Check filesystem in read only mode; e2fsck ;c /dev/sdXN e2undo Replay undo logs for an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem.This can be used to undo a failed operation by an e2fsprogs program
 * manned.org/e2fsck.

Display information about a specific undo file; e2undo ;h path/to/undo_file /dev/sdXN Perform a dry;run and display the candidate blocks for replaying; e2undo ;nv path/to/undo_file /dev/sdXN Perform an undo operation; e2undo path/to/undo_file /dev/sdXN Perform an undo operation and display verbose information; e2undo ;v path/to/undo_file /dev/sdXN Write the old contents of the block to an undo file before overwriting a file system block; e2undo ;z path/to/file.e2undo path/to/undo_file /dev/sdXN ebuild A low level interface to the Gentoo Portage system
 * man7.org/linux/man;pages/man8/e2undo.8.html.

Create or update the package manifest; ebuild path/to/file.ebuild manifest Clean the temporary build directories for the build file; ebuild path/to/file.ebuild clean Fetch sources if they do not exist; ebuild path/to/file.ebuild fetch Extract the sources to a temporary build directory; ebuild path/to/file.ebuild unpack Compile the extracted sources; ebuild path/to/file.ebuild compile Install the package to a temporary install directory; ebuild path/to/file.ebuild install Install the temporary files to the live filesystem; ebuild path/to/file.ebuild qmerge Fetch, unpack, compile, install and qmerge the specified ebuild file; ebuild path/to/file.ebuild merge emerge Gentoo Linux package manager utility
 * wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Ebuild.

Synchronize all packages; emerge ;;sync Update all packages, including dependencies; emerge ;uDNav @world Resume a failed updated, skipping the failing package; emerge ;;resume ;;skipfirst Install a new package, with confirmation; emerge ;av package_name Remove a package, with confirmation; emerge ;Cav package_name Remove orphaned packages (that were installed only as dependencies); emerge ;avc Search the package database for a keyword; emerge ;S keyword equery View information about Portage packages
 * wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Portage#emerge.

List all installed packages; equery list '*' Search for installed packages in the Portage tree and in overlays; equery list ;po package_name List all packages that depend on a given package; equery depends package_name List all packages that a given package depends on; equery depgraph package_name List all files installed by a package; equery files ;;tree package_name expect Script executor that interacts with other programs that require user input
 * wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Equery.

Execute an expect script from a file; expect path/to/file Execute a specified expect script; expect ;c "commands" Enter an interactive REPL (use exit or Ctrl + D to exit); expect ;i export Command to mark shell variables in the current environment to be exported with any newly forked child processes
 * manned.org/expect.

Set a new environment variable; export VARIABLE=value Remove an environment variable; export ;n VARIABLE Mark a shell function for export; export ;f FUNCTION_NAME Append something to the PATH variable; export PATH=$PATH;path/to/append findfs Finds a filesystem by label or UUID
 * www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#index;export.

Search block devices by filesystem label; findfs LABEL=label Search by filesystem UUID; findfs UUID=uuid Search by partition label (GPT or MAC partition table); findfs PARTLABEL=partition_label Search by partition UUID (GPT partition table only); findfs PARTUUID=partition_uuid fstrim Discard unused blocks on a mounted filesystem.Only supported by flash memory devices such as SSDs and microSD cards
 * mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util;linux.

Trim unused blocks on all mounted partitions that support it; sudo fstrim ;;all Trim unused blocks on a specified partition; sudo fstrim / Display statistics after trimming; sudo fstrim ;;verbose / getent Get entries from Name Service Switch libraries
 * manned.org/fstrim.

Get list of all groups; getent group See the members of a group; getent group group_name Get list of all services; getent services Find a username by UID; getent passwd 1000 Perform a reverse DNS lookup; getent hosts host hdparm Get and set SATA and IDE hard drive parameters.
 * manned.org/getent.

Request the identification info of a given device; sudo hdparm ;I /dev/device Get the Advanced Power Management level; sudo hdparm ;B /dev/device Set the Advanced Power Management value (values 1;127 permit spin;down, and values 128;254 do not); sudo hdparm ;B 1 /dev/device Display the device's current power mode status; sudo hdparm ;C /dev/device Force a drive to immediately enter standby mode (usually causes a drive to spin down); sudo hdparm ;y /dev/device Put the drive into idle (low;power) mode, also setting its standby timeout; sudo hdparm ;S standby_timeout device httpie A user friendly command;line HTTP tool.

Send a GET request (default method with no request data); http ;example.com Send a POST request (default method with request data); http ;example.com hello=World Send a POST request with redirected input; http ;example.com < file.json Send a PUT request with a given JSON body; http PUT ;example.com/todos/7 hello=world Send a DELETE request with a given request header; http DELETE ;example.com/todos/7 API;Key;foo Show the whole HTTP exchange (both request and response); http ;v ;example.com Download a file; http ;;download ;example.com i3lock Simple screen locker built for the i3 window manager

Lock screen with a simple color background (rrggbb format); i3lock ;c 0000ff Lock screen to a PNG background; i3lock ;i path/to/picture.png Disable the unlock indicator (removes feedback on keypress); i3lock ;u Display mouse pointer instead of hiding it ('default' for default pointer, 'win' for an MS Windows pointer); i3lock ;p default|win Lock screen to a PNG background displayed in multiple monitors, with enabled mouse pointer; i3lock ;i path/to/picture.png ;p default|win ;t ifdown Disable network interfaces
 * i3wm.org/i3lock.

Disable interface eth0; ifdown eth0 Disable all interfaces which are enabled; ifdown ;a iostat Report statistics for devices and partitions.
 * manned.org/ifdown.

Display a report of CPU and disk statistics since system startup; iostat Display a report of CPU and disk statistics with units converted to megabytes; iostat ;m Display CPU statistics; iostat ;c Display disk statistics with disk names (including LVM); iostat ;N Display extended disk statistics with disk names for device "sda"; iostat ;xN sda Display incremental reports of CPU and disk statistics every 2 seconds; iostat 2 ipcalc Perform simple operations and calculations on IP addresses and networks.

Show information about an address or network with a given subnet mask; ipcalc 1.2.3.4 255.255.255.0 Show information about an address or network in CIDR notation; ipcalc 1.2.3.4/24 Show the broadcast address of an address or network; ipcalc ;b 1.2.3.4/30 Show the network address of provided IP address and netmask; ipcalc ;n 1.2.3.4/24 Display geographic information about a given IP address; ipcalc ;g 1.2.3.4 kpartx Create device maps from partition tables.

Add partition mappings; kpartx ;a whole_disk.img Delete partition mappings; kpartx ;d whole_disk.img List partition mappings; kpartx ;l whole_disk.img locate Find filenames quickly

Look for pattern in the database. Note* the database is recomputed periodically (usually weekly or daily); locate pattern Look for a file by its exact filename (a pattern containing no globbing characters is interpreted as *pattern*); locate */filename Recompute the database. You need to do it if you want to find recently added files; sudo updatedb logger Add messages to syslog (/var/log/syslog)
 * manned.org/locate.

Log a message to syslog; logger message Take input from stdin and log to syslog; echo log_entry | logger Send the output to a remote syslog server running at a given port. Default port is 514; echo log_entry | logger ;;server hostname ;;port port Use a specific tag for every line logged. Default is the name of logged in user; echo log_entry | logger ;;tag tag Log messages with a given priority. Default is user.notice. See man logger for all priority options; echo log_entry | logger ;;priority user.warning lrztar A wrapper for lrzip to simplify compression of directories.See also* tar, lrzuntar, lrunzip
 * manned.org/logger.

Archive a directory with tar, then compress; lrztar path/to/directory Same as above, with ZPAQ * extreme compression, but very slow; lrztar ;z path/to/directory Specify the output file; lrztar ;o path/to/file path/to/directory Override the number of processor threads to use; lrztar ;p 8 path/to/directory Force overwriting of existing files; lrztar ;f path/to/directory lsattr List file attributes on a Linux filesystem
 * manned.org/lrztar.

Display the attributes of the files in the current directory; lsattr List the attributes of files in a particular path; lsattr path List file attributes recursively in the current and subsequent directories; lsattr ;R Show attributes of all the files in the current directory, including hidden ones; lsattr ;a Display attributes of directories in the current directory; lsattr ;d lsscsi List SCSI devices (or hosts) and their attributes
 * manned.org/lsattr.

List all SCSI devices; lsscsi List all SCSI devices with detailed attributes; lsscsi ;L List all SCSI devices with human;readable disk capacity; lsscsi ;s ltrace Display dynamic library calls of a process
 * manned.org/lspci.

Print (trace) library calls of a program binary; ltrace ./program Count library calls. Print a handy summary at the bottom; ltrace ;c path/to/program Trace calls to malloc and free, omit those done by libc; ltrace ;e malloc+free;@libc.so* path/to/program Write to file instead of terminal; ltrace ;o file path/to/program mdbook Create online books by writing makrdown files
 * manned.org/ltrace.

Create a mdbook project in the current directory; mdbook init Create a mdbook project in a specific directory; mdbook init path/to/directory Clean the directory with the generated book; mdbook clean Serve a book at http;localhost;3000, auto build when file changes; mdbook serve Watch a set of Markdown files and automatically build when a file is changed; mdbook watch Medusa A modular and parallel login brute;forcer for a variety of protocols
 * rust;lang.github.io/mdBook/.

Execute brute force against an FTP server using a file containing usernames and a file containing passwords; medusa ;M ftp ;h host ;U path/to/username_file ;P path/to/password_file Execute a login attempt against an HTTP server using the username, password and user;agent specified; medusa ;M HTTP ;h host ;u username ;p password ;m USER;AGENT;"Agent" Execute a brute force against a MySQL server using a file containing usernames and a hash; medusa ;M mysql ;h host ;U path/to/username_file ;p hash ;m PASS;HASH Execute a brute force against a list of SMB servers using a username and a pwdump file; medusa ;M smbnt ;H path/to/hosts_file ;C path/to/pwdump_file ;u username ;m PASS;HASH mke2fs Creates a Linux filesystem inside a partition
 * manned.org/medusa.

Create an ext2 filesystem in partition 1 of device b (sdb1); mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdb1 Create an ext3 filesystem in partition 1 of device b (sdb1); mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1 Create an ext4 filesystem in partition 1 of device b (sdb1); mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 mkswap Sets up a Linux swap area on a device or in a file
 * manned.org/mke2fs.

Setup a given partition as swap area; sudo mkswap /dev/sdb7 Use a given file as swap area; sudo mkswap path/to/file Check a partition for bad blocks before creating the swap area; sudo mkswap ;c /dev/sdb7 Specify a label for the file (to allow swapon to use the label); sudo mkswap ;L swap1 path/to/file module Modify a users' environment using the module command
 * manned.org/mkswap.

Display available modules; module avail Search for a module by name; module spider module_name Load a module; module load module_name Display loaded modules; module list Unload a specific loaded module; module module_name Unload all loaded modules; module purge mpstat Report CPU statistics
 * lmod.readthedocs.io/en/latest/010_user.html.

Display CPU statistics every 2 seconds; mpstat 2 Display 5 reports, one by one, at 2 second intervals; mpstat 2 5 Display 5 reports, one by one, from a given processor, at 2 second intervals; mpstat ;P 0 2 5 newgrp Switch primary group membership.
 * manned.org/mpstat.

Change user's primary group membership; newgrp group_name Reset primary group membership to user's default group in /etc/passwd; newgrp nsnake Snake game in the terminal

Start a snake game; nsnake Navigate the snake; Up|Down|Left|Right arrow key Pause/unpause the game; p Quit the game; q Show help during the game; h openrc The OpenRC service manager.See also rc;status, rc;update, and rc;service
 * github.com/alexdantas/nsnake/.

Change to a specific runlevel; sudo openrc runlevel_name Change to a specific runlevel, but don't stop any existing services; sudo openrc ;;no;stop runlevel_name pacaur A utility for Arch Linux to build and install packages from the Arch User Repository.
 * wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/OpenRC.

Synchronize and update all packages (includes AUR); pacaur ;Syu Synchronize and update only AUR packages; pacaur ;Syua Install a new package (includes AUR); pacaur ;S package_name Remove a package and its dependencies (includes AUR packages); pacaur ;Rs package_name Search the package database for a keyword (includes AUR); pacaur ;Ss keyword List all currently installed packages (includes AUR packages); pacaur ;Qs pacman Arch Linux package manager utility

Synchronize and update all packages; pacman ;;sync ;;refresh ;;sysupgrade Install a new package; pacman ;;sync package_name Remove a package and its dependencies; pacman ;;remove ;;recursive package_name Search the package database for a regular expression or keyword; pacman ;;sync ;;search "search_pattern" List installed packages and versions; pacman ;;query List only the explicitly installed packages and versions; pacman ;;query ;;explicit List orphan packages (installed as dependencies but not actually required by any package); pacman ;;query ;;unrequired ;;deps ;;quiet Empty the entire pacman cache; pacman ;;sync ;;clean ;;clean parted A partition manipulation program.See also* partprobe
 * man.archlinux.org/man/pacman.8.

List partitions on all block devices; sudo parted ;;list Start interactive mode with the specified disk selected; sudo parted /dev/sdX Create a new partition table of the specified label;type; sudo parted ;;script /dev/sdX mklabel aix|amiga|bsd|dvh|gpt|loop|mac|msdos|pc98|sun Show partition information in interactive mode; print Select a disk in interactive mode; select /dev/sdX Create a 16 GB partition with the specified filesystem in interactive mode; mkpart primary|logical|extended btrfs|ext2|ext3|ext4|fat16|fat32|hfs|hfs+|linux;swap|ntfs|reiserfs|udf|xfs 0% 16G Resize a partition in interactive mode; resizepart /dev/sdXN end_position_of_partition Remove a partition in interactive mode; rm /dev/sdXN pihole Terminal interface for the Pi;hole ad;blocking DNS server
 * www.gnu.org/software/parted/parted.html.

Check the Pi;hole daemon's status; pihole status Update Pi;hole; pihole updatePihole Monitor detailed system status; pihole chronometer Start or stop the daemon; pihole enable|disable Restart the daemon (not the server itself); pihole restartdns Whitelist or blacklist a domain; pihole whitelist|blacklist example.com Search the lists for a domain; pihole query example.com Open a real;time log of connections; pihole tail pkgadd Add a package to a CRUX system.
 * pi;hole.net.

Install a local software package; pkgadd package_name Update an already installed package from a local package; pkgadd ;u package_name pmount Mount arbitrary hotpluggable devices as a normal user

Mount a device below /media/ (using device as mount point); pmount /dev/to/block/device Mount a device with a specific filesystem type to /media/label; pmount ;;type filesystem /dev/to/block/device label Mount a CD;ROM (filesystem type ISO9660) in read;only mode; pmount ;;type iso9660 ;;read;only /dev/cdrom Mount an NTFS;formatted disk, forcing read;write access; pmount ;;type ntfs ;;read;write /dev/sdX Display all mounted removable devices; pmount pstree A convenient tool to show running processes as a tree.
 * manned.org/pmount.

Display a tree of processes; pstree Display a tree of processes with PIDs; pstree ;p Display all process trees rooted at processes owned by specified user; pstree user readpe Displays information about PE files

Display all information about a PE file; readpe path/to/executable Display all the headers present in a PE file; readpe ;;all;headers path/to/executable Display all the sections present in a PE file; readpe ;;all;sections path/to/executable Display a specific header from a PE file; readpe ;;header dos|coff|optional path/to/executable List all imported functions; readpe ;;imports path/to/executable List all exported functions; readpe ;;exports path/to/executable reboot Reboot the system
 * manned.org/readpe.

Reboot the system; reboot Power off the system (same as poweroff); reboot ;;poweroff Halt the system (same as halt); reboot ;;halt Reboot immediately without contacting the system manager; reboot ;;force ;;force Write the wtmp shutdown entry without rebooting the system; reboot ;;wtmp;only rename Rename multiple files.NOTE* this page refers to the command from the util;linux package.For the Perl version, see file;rename or perl;rename.Warning* This command has no safeguards and will overwrite files without prompting.
 * www.man7.org/linux/man;pages/man8/reboot.8.html.

Rename files using simple substitutions (substitute 'foo' with 'bar' wherever found); rename foo bar * Dry;run * display which renames would occur without performing them; rename ;vn foo bar * Do not overwrite existing files; rename ;o foo bar * Change file extensions; rename .ext .bak *.ext Prepend "foo" to all filenames in the current directory; rename 'foo' * Rename a group of increasingly numbered files zero;padding the numbers up to 3 digits; rename foo foo00 foo? && rename foo foo0 foo?? rfkill Enable and disable wireless devices.

List devices; rfkill Filter by columns; rfkill ;o ID,TYPE,DEVICE Block devices by type (e.g. bluetooth, wlan); rfkill block bluetooth Unblock devices by type (e.g. bluetooth, wlan); rfkill unblock wlan Output in JSON format; rfkill ;J rspamc Command;line client for rspamd servers.

Train the bayesian filter to recognise an email as spam; rspamc learn_spam path/to/email_file Train the bayesian filter to recognise an email as ham; rspamc learn_ham path/to/email_file Generate a manual report on an email; rspamc symbols path/to/email_file Show server statistics; rspamc stat runcon Run a program in a different SELinux security context.With neither context nor command, print the current security context

runcon.

Determine the current domain; runcon Specify the domain to run a command in; runcon ;t domain_t command Specify the context role to run a command with; runcon ;r role_r command Specify the full context to run a command with; runcon user_u;role_r;domain_t command sbatch Submit a batch job to the SLURM scheduler.

Submit a batch job; sbatch path/to/job.sh Submit a batch job with a custom name; sbatch ;;job;name=myjob path/to/job.sh Submit a batch job with a time limit of 30 minutes; sbatch ;;time=00;30;00 path/to/job.sh Submit a job and request multiple nodes; sbatch ;;nodes=3 path/to/job.sh script Make a typescript file of a terminal session.

Start recording in file named "typescript"; script Stop recording; exit Start recording in a given file; script logfile.log Append to an existing file; script ;a logfile.log Execute quietly without start and done messages; script ;q logfile.log smbget wget;like utility for downloading files from SMB servers

Download a file from a server; smbget smb;server/share/file Download a share or directory recursively; smbget ;;recursive smb;server/share Connect with a username and password; smbget smb;server/share/file ;;user username%password Require encrypted transfers; smbget smb;server/share/file ;;encrypt smbmap SMB enumeration tool
 * www.samba.org/samba/docs/current/man;html/smbget.1.html.

Display SMB shares and permissions on a host, prompting for user's password or NTLM hash; smbmap ;u username ;;prompt ;H ip Display SMB shares and permissions on a host, specifying the domain and passing the password NTLM hash; smbmap ;u username ;;prompt ;d domain ;H ip Display SMB shares and list a single level of directories and files; smbmap ;u username ;;prompt ;H ip ;r Display SMB shares and recursively list a defined number of levels of directories and files; smbmap ;u username ;;prompt ;H ip ;R ;;depth 3 Display SMB shares and recursively list directories and files, downloading the files matching a regular expression; smbmap ;u username ;;prompt ;H ip ;R ;A pattern Display SMB shares and recursively list directories and files, searching for file content matching a regular expression; smbmap ;u username ;;prompt ;H ip ;R ;F pattern Execute a shell command on a remote system; smbmap ;u username ;;prompt ;H ip ;x command Upload a file to a remote system; smbmap ;u username ;;prompt ;H ip ;;upload source destination snake4 Snake game in the terminal
 * github.com/ShawnDEvans/smbmap.

Start a snake game; snake4 Choose level; 1|2|3|4|5 Navigate the snake; Up|Down|Left|Right arrow key Pause game; Spacebar Quit game; q Show the high scores; snake4 ;;highscores squeue View the jobs queued in the SLURM scheduler.
 * manpages.debian.org/snake4/snake4.6.en.html.

View the queue; squeue View jobs queued by a specific user; squeue ;u username View the queue and refresh every 5 seconds; squeue ;i 5 View the queue with expected start times; squeue ;;start strace Troubleshooting tool for tracing system calls.

Start tracing a specific process by its PID; strace ;p pid Trace a process and filter output by system call; strace ;p pid ;e system_call_name Count time, calls, and errors for each system call and report a summary on program exit; strace ;p pid ;c Show the time spent in every system call; strace ;p pid ;T Start tracing a program by executing it; strace program Start tracing file operations of a program; strace ;e trace=file program stress A tool to stress test CPU, memory, and IO on a Linux system.

Spawn 4 workers to stress test CPU; stress ;c 4 Spawn 2 workers to stress test IO and timeout after 5 seconds; stress ;i 2 ;t 5 Spawn 2 workers to stress test memory (each worker allocates 256M bytes); stress ;m 2 ;;vm;bytes 256M Spawn 2 workers spinning on write/unlink (each worker writes 1G bytes); stress ;d 2 ;;hdd;bytes 1GB swapon Enables device or file for swapping.

Get swap information; swapon ;s Enable a given swap partition; swapon /dev/sdb7 Enable a given swap file; swapon path/to/file Enable all swap areas; swapon ;a Enable swap by label of a device or file; swapon ;L swap1 sysctl List and change kernel runtime variables.

Show all available variables and their values; sysctl ;a Set a changeable kernel state variable; sysctl ;w section.tunable=value Get currently open file handlers; sysctl fs.file;nr Get limit for simultaneous open files; sysctl fs.file;max Apply changes from /etc/sysctl.conf; sysctl ;p thunar Graphical file manager for XFCE desktop environments

Open a new window showing the current directory; thunar Open the bulk rename utility; thunar ;;bulk;rename Close all open thunar windows; thunar ;;quit toilet A tool to display ASCII;art fonts
 * docs.xfce.org/xfce/thunar/start.

http;caca.zoy.org/wiki/toilet. Generate ASCII art for a given text; toilet input_text Generate ASCII art using a custom font file; toilet input_text ;f font_filename Generate ASCII art using a filter; toilet input_text ;;filter filter_name Show available toilet filters; toilet ;;filter list trizen Arch Linux utility for building packages from the Arch User Repository (AUR)

Synchronize and update all AUR packages; trizen ;Syua Install a new package; trizen ;S package Remove a package and its dependencies; trizen ;Rs package Search the package database for a keyword; trizen ;Ss keyword Show information about a package; trizen ;Si package List installed packages and versions; trizen ;Qe tshark Packet analysis tool, CLI version of Wireshark
 * github.com/trizen/trizen.

Monitor everything on localhost; tshark Only capture packets matching a specific capture filter; tshark ;f 'udp port 53' Only show packets matching a specific output filter; tshark ;Y 'http.request.method == "GET"' Decode a TCP port using a specific protocol (e.g. HTTP); tshark ;d tcp.port==8888,http Specify the format of captured output; tshark ;T json|text|ps|… Select specific fields to output; tshark ;T fields|ek|json|pdml ;e http.request.method ;e ip.src Write captured packet to a file; tshark ;w path/to/file Analyze packets from a file; tshark ;r filename.pcap upower System utility to provide power and battery information and statistics
 * tshark.dev/.

Display power and battery information; upower ;;dump List all power devices; upower ;;enumerate Watch for and print power status changes; upower ;;monitor Watch for and print detailed power status changes; upower ;;monitor;detail Display version; upower ;;version vgscan Scan for volume groups on all supported Logical Volume Manager (LVM) block devices.See also lvm, vgchange
 * upower.freedesktop.org/docs/upower.1.html.

Scan for volume groups and print information about each group found; sudo vgscan Scan for volume groups and add the special files in /dev, if they don't already exist, needed to access the logical volumes in the found groups ; sudo vgscan ;;mknodes vmstat Report information about processes, memory, paging, block IO, traps, disks and CPU activity
 * manned.org/vgscan.

Display virtual memory statistics; vmstat Display reports every 2 seconds for 5 times; vmstat 2 5 vnstat A console;based network traffic monitor.
 * manned.org/vmstat.

Display traffic summary for all interfaces; vnstat Display traffic summary for a specific network interface; vnstat ;i eth0 Display live stats for a specific network interface; vnstat ;l ;i eth0 Show traffic statistics on an hourly basis for the last 24 hours using a bar graph; vnstat ;hg Measure and show average traffic for 30 seconds; vnstat ;tr 30 whatis Display one;line descriptions from manual pages.

Display a description from a man page; whatis command Don't cut the description off at the end of the line; whatis ;;long command Display descriptions for all commands matching a glob; whatis ;;wildcard net* Search man page descriptions with a regular expression; whatis ;;regex 'wish[0;9]\.[0;9]' wipefs Wipe filesystem, raid, or partition;table signatures from a device.

Display signatures for specified device; sudo wipefs /dev/sdX Wipe all available signatures for specified device; sudo wipefs ;;all /dev/sdX Perform dry run; sudo wipefs ;;all ;;no;act /dev/sdX Force wipe, even if the filesystem is mounted; sudo wipefs ;;all ;;force /dev/sdX wmctrl CLI for X Window Manager.

List all windows, managed by the window manager; wmctrl ;l Switch to the first window whose (partial) title matches; wmctrl ;a window_title Move a window to the current workspace, raise it and give it focus; wmctrl ;R window_title Switch to a workspace; wmctrl ;s workspace_number Select a window and toggle fullscreen; wmctrl ;r window_title ;b toggle,fullscreen Select a window a move it to a workspace; wmctrl ;r window_title ;t workspace_number x11vnc A VNC server that will enable VNC on an existing display server.By default, the server will automatically terminate once all clients disconnect from it.

Launch a VNC server that allows multiple clients to connect; x11vnc ;shared Launch a VNC server in view;only mode, and which won't terminate once the last client disconnects; x11vnc ;forever ;viewonly Launch a VNC server on a specific display and screen (both starting at index zero); x11vnc ;display ;display.screen Launch a VNC server on the third display's default screen; x11vnc ;display ;2 Launch a VNC server on the first display's second screen; x11vnc ;display ;0.1 xclock Display the time in analog or digital form.

Display an analog clock; xclock Display a 24;hour digital clock with the hour and minute fields only; xclock ;digital ;brief Display a digital clock using an strftime format string (see strftime(3)); xclock ;digital ;strftime format Display a 24;hour digital clock with the hour, minute and second fields that updates every second; xclock ;digital ;strftime '%H;%M;%S' ;update 1 Display a 12;hour digital clock with the hour and minute fields only; xclock ;digital ;twelve ;brief xinput List available input devices, query information about a device and change input device settings.

List all input devices; xinput list Disable an input; xinput disable id Enable an input; xinput enable id Disconnect an input from its master; xinput float id Reattach an input as slave to a master; xinput reattach id master_id List settings of an input device; xinput list;props id Change a setting of an input device; xinput set;prop id setting_id value xmount Convert on;the;fly between multiple input and output hard disk image types with optional write cache support.Creates a virtual file system using FUSE (Filesystem in Userspace) that contains a virtual representation of the input image

Mount a .raw image file into a DMG container file; xmount ;;in raw path/to/image.dd ;;out dmg mountpoint Mount an EWF image file with write;cache support into a VHD file to boot from; xmount ;;cache path/to/cache.ovl ;;in ewf path/to/image.E?? ;;out vhd mountpoint Mount the first partition at sector 2048 into a new .raw image file; xmount ;;offset 2048 ;;in raw path/to/image.dd ;;out raw mountpoint xrandr Set the size, orientation and/or reflection of the outputs for a screen.
 * manned.org/xmount.

Display the current state of the system (known screens, resolutions, ...); xrandr ;;query Disable disconnected outputs and enable connected ones with default settings; xrandr ;;auto Change the resolution and update frequency of DisplayPort 1 to 1920x1080, 60Hz; xrandr ;;output DP1 ;;mode 1920x1080 ;;rate 60 Set the resolution of HDMI2 to 1280x1024 and put it on the right of DP1; xrandr ;;output HDMI2 ;;mode 1280x1024 ;;right;of DP1 Disable the VGA1 output; xrandr ;;output VGA1 ;;off Set brightness for LVDS1 to 50%; xrandr ;;output LVDS1 ;;brightness 0.5 See display hardware information; xrandr ;q yaourt Arch Linux utility for building packages from the Arch User Repository.

Synchronize and update all packages (including AUR); yaourt ;Syua Install a new package (includes AUR); yaourt ;S package_name Remove a package and its dependencies (includes AUR packages); yaourt ;Rs package_name Search the package database for a keyword (including AUR); yaourt ;Ss package_name List installed packages, versions, and repositories (AUR packages will be listed under the repository name 'local'); yaourt ;Q yetris Clone of the game Tetris in the terminal

Start a Tetris game; yetris Navigate the piece horizontally; Left|Right arrow key Rotate the piece clockwise or counterclockwise; x|z Hold a piece (only one allowed at a time); c Soft drop the piece; Down arrow key Hard drop the piece; Spacebar Pause/unpause the game; p Quit the game; q zenity Display dialogs from the command;line/shell scripts.Return user;inserted values or 1 if error.
 * github.com/alexdantas/yetris.

Display the default question dialog; zenity ;;question Display an info dialog displaying the text "Hello!"; zenity ;;info ;;text="Hello!" Display a name/password form and output the data separated by ";"; zenity ;;forms ;;add;entry="Name" ;;add;password="Password" ;;separator=";" Display a file selection form in which the user can only select directories; zenity ;;file;selection ;;directory Display a progress bar which updates its message every second and show a progress percent; (echo "#1"* sleep 1* echo "50"* echo "#2"* sleep 1* echo "100") | zenity ;;progress zypper SUSE & openSUSE package management utility

Synchronize list of packages and versions available; zypper refresh Install a new package; zypper install package Remove a package; zypper remove package Upgrade installed packages to the newest available versions; zypper update Search package via keyword; zypper search keyword Show information related to configured repositories; zypper repos ;;sort;by;priority a2enmod Enable an Apache module on Debian;based OSes
 * en.opensuse.org/SDB;Zypper_manual.

Enable a module; sudo a2enmod module Don't show informative messages; sudo a2enmod ;;quiet module a2query Retrieve runtime configuration from Apache on Debian;based OSes
 * manpages.debian.org/latest/apache2/a2enmod.8.en.html.

List enabled Apache modules; sudo a2query ;m Check if a specific module is installed; sudo a2query ;m module_name List enabled virtual hosts; sudo a2query ;s Display the currently enabled Multi Processing Module; sudo a2query ;M Display the Apache version; sudo a2query ;v addpart Tells the Linux kernel about the existence of the specified partition.The command is a simple wrapper around the add partition ioctl
 * manpages.debian.org/buster/apache2/a2query.1.en.html.

Tell the kernel about the existence of the specified partition; addpart device partition start length adduser User addition utility
 * manned.org/addpart.

Create a new user with a default home directory and prompt the user to set a password; adduser username Create a new user without a home directory; adduser ;;no;create;home username Create a new user with a home directory at the specified path; adduser ;;home path/to/home username Create a new user with the specified shell set as the login shell; adduser ;;shell path/to/shell username Create a new user belonging to the specified group; adduser ;;ingroup group username Add an existing user to the specified group; adduser username group apt;get Debian and Ubuntu package management utility.Search for packages using apt;cache
 * manpages.debian.org/latest/adduser/adduser.html.

Update the list of available packages and versions (it's recommended to run this before other apt;get commands); apt;get update Install a package, or update it to the latest available version; apt;get install package Remove a package; apt;get remove package Remove a package and its configuration files; apt;get purge package Upgrade all installed packages to their newest available versions; apt;get upgrade Clean the local repository * removing package files (.deb) from interrupted downloads that can no longer be downloaded; apt;get autoclean Remove all packages that are no longer needed; apt;get autoremove Upgrade installed packages (like upgrade), but remove obsolete packages and install additional packages to meet new dependencies; apt;get dist;upgrade apt;key Key management utility for the APT Package Manager on Debian and Ubuntu.Note* apt;key is now deprecated (except for the use of apt;key del in maintainer scripts)
 * manpages.debian.org/latest/apt/apt;get.8.html.

List trusted keys; apt;key list Add a key to the trusted keystore; apt;key add public_key_file.asc Delete a key from the trusted keystore; apt;key del key_id Add a remote key to the trusted keystore; wget ;qO * ;host.tld/filename.key | apt;key add ; Add a key from keyserver with only key id; apt;key adv ;;keyserver pgp.mit.edu ;;recv KEYID arecord Sound recorder for ALSA soundcard driver
 * manpages.debian.org/latest/apt/apt;key.8.html.

Record a snippet in "CD" quality (finish with Ctrl;C when done); arecord ;vv ;;format=cd path/to/file.wav Record a snippet in "CD" quality, with a fixed duration of 10 seconds; arecord ;vv ;;format=cd ;;duration=10 path/to/file.wav Record a snippet and save it as an MP3 (finish with Ctrl;C when done); arecord ;vv ;;format=cd ;;file;type raw | lame ;r * path/to/file.mp3 List all sound cards and digital audio devices; arecord ;;list;devices Allow interactive interface (e.g. use space;bar or enter to play or pause); arecord ;;interactive auracle Command;line tool used to interact with Arch Linux's User Repository, commonly referred to as the AUR
 * manned.org/arecord.

Display AUR packages that match a regular expression; auracle search 'regular_expression' Display package information for a space;separated list of AUR packages; auracle info package1 package2 Display the PKGBUILD file (build information) for a space;separated list of AUR packages; auracle show package1 package2 Display updates for installed AUR packages; auracle outdated aurvote Vote for packages in the Arch User Repository.To be able to vote, the file ~/.config/aurvote must exist and contain your AUR credentials
 * github.com/falconindy/auracle.

Interactively create the file ~/.config/aurvote containing your AUR username and password; aurvote ;;configure Vote for one or More AUR packages;
 * github.com/archlinuxfr/aurvote.

aurvote package1 package2 ... Unvote one or More AUR packages;

aurvote ;;unvote package1 package2 ... Check if one or More AUR packages have already been voted;

aurvote ;;check package1 package2 ... Show help for aurvote; aurvote ;;help binwalk Firmware Analysis Tool

Scan a binary file; binwalk path/to/binary Extract files from a binary, specifying the output directory; binwalk ;;extract ;;directory output_directory path/to/binary Recursively extract files from a binary limiting the recursion depth to 2; binwalk ;;extract ;;matryoshka ;;depth 2 path/to/binary Extract files from a binary with the specified file signature; binwalk ;;dd 'png image;png' path/to/binary Analyze the entropy of a binary, saving the plot with the same name as the binary and .png extension appended; binwalk ;;entropy ;;save path/to/binary Combine entropy, signature and opcodes analysis in a single command; binwalk ;;entropy ;;signature ;;opcodes path/to/binary bitwise Multi base interactive calculator supporting dynamic base conversion and bit manipulation
 * github.com/ReFirmLabs/binwalk.

Run using interactive mode; bitwise Convert from decimal; bitwise 12345 Convert from hexadecimal; bitwise 0x563d Convert a C;style calculation; bitwise "0x123 + 0x20 * 30 / 50" boltctl Control thunderbolt devices
 * github.com/mellowcandle/bitwise.

List connected (and authorized) devices; boltctl List connected devices, including unauthorized ones; boltctl list Authorize a device temporarily; boltctl authorize device_uuid Authorize and remember a device; boltctl enroll device_uuid Revoke a previously authorized device; boltctl forget device_uuid Show More information about a device;
 * manned.org/boltctl.

boltctl info device_uuid certbot The Let's Encrypt Agent for automatically obtaining and renewing TLS certificates.Successor to letsencrypt

Obtain a new certificate via webroot authorization, but do not install it automatically; sudo certbot certonly ;;webroot ;;webroot;path path/to/webroot ;;domain subdomain.example.com Obtain a new certificate via nginx authorization, installing the new certificate automatically; sudo certbot ;;nginx ;;domain subdomain.example.com Obtain a new certificate via apache authorization, installing the new certificate automatically; sudo certbot ;;apache ;;domain subdomain.example.com Renew all Let's Encrypt certificates that expire in 30 days or less (don't forget to restart any servers that use them afterwards); sudo certbot renew Simulate the obtaining of a new certificate, but don't actually save any new certificates to disk; sudo certbot ;;webroot ;;webroot;path path/to/webroot ;;domain subdomain.example.com ;;dry;run Obtain an untrusted test certificate instead; sudo certbot ;;webroot ;;webroot;path path/to/webroot ;;domain subdomain.example.com ;;test;cert chronyc Query the Chrony NTP daemon
 * certbot.eff.org/docs/using.html.

Start chronyc in interactive mode; chronyc Display tracking stats for the Chrony daemon; chronyc tracking Print the time sources that Chrony is currently using; chronyc sources Display stats for sources currently used by chrony daemon as a time source; chronyc sourcestats Step the system clock immediately, bypassing any slewing; chronyc makestep Display verbose information about each NTP source; chronyc ntpdata compgen A built;in command for auto;completion in Bash, which is called on pressing TAB key twice
 * chrony.tuxfamily.org/doc/4.0/chronyc.html.

List all commands that you could run; compgen ;c List all aliases; compgen ;a List all functions that you could run; compgen ;A function Show shell reserved keywords; compgen ;k See all available commands/aliases starting with 'ls'; compgen ;ac ls compose An alias to a run;mailcap's action compose.Originally run;mailcap is used to mime;type/file
 * www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#index;compgen.

Compose action can be used to compose any existing file or new on default mailcap edit tool; compose filename With run;mailcap; run;mailcap ;;action=compose filename debugfs An interactive ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem debugger
 * manned.org/compose.

Open the filesystem in read only mode; debugfs /dev/sdXN Open the filesystem in read write mode; debugfs ;w /dev/sdXN Read commands from a specified file, execute them and then exit; debugfs ;f path/to/cmd_file /dev/sdXN View the filesystem stats in debugfs console; stats Close the filesystem; close ;a List all available commands; lr debuild Tool to build a Debian package from source
 * manned.org/debugfs.

Build the package in the current directory; debuild Build a binary package only; debuild ;b Do not run lintian after building the package; debuild ;;no;lintian deluser Delete a user from the system.Note* all commands must be executed as root
 * manpages.debian.org/debuild.

Remove a user; deluser username Remove a user and their home directory; deluser ;;remove;home username Remove a user and their home, but backup their files into a .tar.gz file in the specified directory; deluser ;;backup;to path/to/backup_directory ;;remove;home username Remove a user, and all files owned by them; deluser ;;remove;all;files username dockerd A persistent process to start and manage docker containers
 * manpages.debian.org/latest/adduser/deluser.html.

Run docker daemon; dockerd Run docker daemon and config it to listen to specific sockets (UNIX and TCP); dockerd ;;host unix;path/to/tmp.sock ;;host tcp;ip Run with specific daemon PID file; dockerd ;;pidfile path/to/pid_file Run in debug mode; dockerd ;;debug Run and set a specific log level; dockerd ;;log;level=debug|info|warn|error|fatal dolphin KDE file manager
 * docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/dockerd/.

Launch Dolphin; dolphin Launch Dolphin and display a specific directory; dolphin path/to/directory Launch Dolphin with a specific file or directory selected; dolphin ;;select path/to/file_or_directory Launch Dolphin in a separated window; dolphin ;;new;window Launch Dolphin in split view; dolphin ;;split Start the Dolphin daemon (only required to use the DBus interface); dolphin ;;daemon Display help; dolphin ;;help e2image Save critical ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem metadata to a file
 * apps.kde.org/dolphin/.

Write metadata located on device to a specific file; e2image /dev/sdXN path/to/image_file Print metadata located on device to stdout; e2image /dev/sdXN ; Restore the filesystem metadata back to the device; e2image ;I /dev/sdXN path/to/image_file Create a large raw sparse file with metadata at proper offsets; e2image ;r /dev/sdXN path/to/image_file Create a QCOW2 image file instead of a normal or raw image file; e2image ;Q /dev/sdXN path/to/image_file e2label Change the label on an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
 * manned.org/e2image.

Change the volume label on a specific ext partition; e2label /dev/sda1 "label_name" edquota Edit quotas for a user or group. By default it operates on all filesystems with quotas.Quota information is stored permanently in the quota.user and quota.group files in the root of the filesystem
 * manned.org/e2label.

Edit quota of the current user; edquota ;;user $(whoami) Edit quota of a specific user; sudo edquota ;;user username Edit quota for a group; sudo edquota ;;group group Restrict operations to a given filesystem (by default edquota operates on all filesystems with quotas); sudo edquota ;;file;system filesystem Edit the default grace period; sudo edquota ;t Duplicate a quota to other users; sudo edquota ;p reference_user destination_user1 destination_user2 ethtool Display and modify Network Interface Controller (NIC) parameters
 * manned.org/edquota.

http;man7.org/linux/man;pages/man8/ethtool.8.html. Display the current settings for an interface; ethtool eth0 Display the driver information for an interface; ethtool ;;driver eth0 Display the network usage statistics for an interface; ethtool ;;statistics eth0 Blink one or More LEDs on an interface for 10 seconds;

ethtool ;;identify eth0 10 Set the link speed, duplex mode, and parameter auto;negotiation for a given interface; ethtool ;s eth0 speed 10|100|1000 duplex half|full autoneg on|off extrace Trace exec calls

Trace all program executions occurring on the system; sudo extrace Run a command and only trace descendants of this command; sudo extrace command Print the current working directory of each process; sudo extrace ;d Resolve the full path of each executable; sudo extrace ;l Display the user running each process; sudo extrace ;u fc;list List available fonts installed on the system
 * github.com/chneukirchen/extrace.

Return a list of installed fonts in your system; fc;list Return a list of installed fonts with given name; fc;list | grep 'DejaVu Serif' Return the number of installed fonts in your system; fc;list | wc ;l findmnt Find your filesystem
 * manned.org/fc;list.

List all mounted filesystems; findmnt Search for a device; findmnt /dev/sdb1 Search for a mountpoint; findmnt / Find filesystems in specific type; findmnt ;t ext4 Find filesystems with specific label; findmnt LABEL=BigStorage flatpak Build, install and run flatpak applications and runtimes
 * manned.org/findmnt.

Run an installed application; flatpak run name Install an application from a remote source; flatpak install remote name List all installed applications and runtimes; flatpak list Update all installed applications and runtimes; flatpak update Add a remote source; flatpak remote;add ;;if;not;exists remote_name remote_url List all configured remote sources; flatpak remote;list Remove an installed application; flatpak remove name Show information about an installed application; flatpak info name foreman Manage Procfile;based applications
 * docs.flatpak.org/en/latest/flatpak;command;reference.html#flatpak.

Start an application with the Procfile in the current directory; foreman start Start an application with a specified Procfile; foreman start ;f Procfile Start a specific application; foreman start process Validate Procfile format; foreman check Run one;off commands with the process's environment; foreman run command Start all processes except the one named "worker"; foreman start ;m all=1,worker=0 getfacl Get file access control lists
 * manned.org/foreman.

Display the file access control list; getfacl path/to/file_or_directory Display the file access control list with numeric user and group IDs; getfacl ;n path/to/file_or_directory Display the file access control list with tabular output format; getfacl ;t path/to/file_or_directory gpasswd Administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow
 * manned.org/getfacl.

Define group administrators; sudo gpasswd ;A user1,user2 group Set the list of group members; sudo gpasswd ;M user1,user2 group Create a password for the named group; gpasswd group Add a user to the named group; gpasswd ;a user group Remove a user from the named group; gpasswd ;d user group hashcat Fast and advanced password recovery tool
 * manned.org/gpasswd.

Perform a brute;force attack (mode 3) with the default hashcat mask; hashcat ;;hash;type hash_type_id ;;attack;mode 3 hash_value Perform a brute;force attack (mode 3) with a known pattern of 4 digits; hashcat ;;hash;type hash_type_id ;;attack;mode 3 hash_value "?d?d?d?d" Perform a brute;force attack (mode 3) using at most 8 of all printable ASCII characters; hashcat ;;hash;type hash_type_id ;;attack;mode 3 ;;increment hash_value "?a?a?a?a?a?a?a?a" Perform a dictionary attack (mode 0) using the RockYou wordlist of a Kali Linux box; hashcat ;;hash;type hash_type_id ;;attack;mode 0 hash_value /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt Perform a rule;based dictionary attack (mode 0) using the RockYou wordlist mutated with common password variations; hashcat ;;hash;type hash_type_id ;;attack;mode 0 ;;rules;file /usr/share/hashcat/rules/best64.rule hash_value /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt Perform a combination attack (mode 1) using the concatenation of words from two different custom dictionaries; hashcat ;;hash;type hash_type_id ;;attack;mode 1 hash_value /path/to/dictionary1.txt /path/to/dictionary2.txt Show result of an already cracked hash; hashcat ;;show hash_value hcitool Monitor, configure connections, and send special commands to Bluetooth devices
 * manned.org/hashcat.

Scan for Bluetooth devices; hcitool scan Output the name of a device, returning its MAC address; hcitool name bdaddr Fetch information about a remote Bluetooth device; hcitool info bdaddr Check the link quality to a Bluetooth device; hcitool lq bdaddr Modify the transmit power level; hcitool tpl bdaddr 0|1 Display the link policy; hcitool lp Request authentication with a specific device; hcitool auth bdaddr Display local devices; hcitool dev hexdump An ASCII, decimal, hexadecimal, octal dump.
 * manned.org/hcitool.

Print the hexadecimal representation of a file; hexdump file Display the input offset in hexadecimal and its ASCII representation in two columns; hexdump ;C file Display the hexadecimal representation of a file, but interpret only n bytes of the input; hexdump ;C ;nnumber_of_bytes file homectl Create, remove, change or inspect home directories using the systemd;homed service

List user accounts and their associated home directories; homectl list Create a user account and their associated home directory; sudo homectl create username Remove a specific user and the associated home directory; sudo homectl remove username Change the password for a specific user; sudo homectl passwd username Run a shell or a command with access to a specific home directory; sudo homectl with username ;* command command_arguments Lock or unlock a specific home directory; sudo homectl lock|unlock username Change the disk space assigned to a specific home directory to 100 GiB; sudo homectl resize username 100G Display help; homectl ;;help htpdate Synchronize local date and time via HTTP headers from web servers
 * man.archlinux.org/man/homectl.1.

http;www.vervest.org/htp/. Synchronize date and time; sudo htpdate host Perform simulation of synchronization, without any action; htpdate ;q host Compensate the systematisch clock drift; sudo htpdate ;x host Set time immediate after the synchronization; sudo htpdate ;s host hwclock Used for reading or changing the hardware clock. Usually requires root.

Display the current time as reported by the hardware clock; hwclock Write the current software clock time to the hardware clock (sometimes used during system setup); hwclock ;;systohc Write the current hardware clock time to the software clock; hwclock ;;hctosys ip link Manage network interfaces

Show information about all network interfaces; ip link Show information about a specific network interface; ip link show ethN Bring a network interface up or down; ip link set ethN up|down Give a meaningful name to a network interface; ip link set ethN alias "LAN Interface" Change the MAC address of a network interface; ip link set ethN address ff;ff;ff;ff;ff;ff Change the MTU size for a network interface to use jumbo frames; ip link set ethN mtu 9000 isoinfo Utility programs for dumping and verifying ISO disk images.
 * man7.org/linux/man;pages/man8/ip;link.8.html.

List all the files included in an ISO image; isoinfo ;f ;i path/to/image.iso E[x]tract a specific file from an ISO image and send it out stdout; isoinfo ;i path/to/image.iso ;x /PATH/TO/FILE/INSIDE/ISO.EXT Show header information for an ISO disk image; isoinfo ;d ;i path/to/image.iso isosize Display the size of an ISO file

Display the size of an ISO file; isosize path/to/file.iso Display the block count and block size of an ISO file; isosize ;;sectors path/to/file.iso Display the size of an ISO file divided by a given number (only usable when ;;sectors is not given); isosize ;;divisor=number path/to/file.iso kdocker Easily dock applications to the system tray
 * manned.org/isosize.

Display a cursor to send a window to the system tray when pressing the left mouse button (press any other mouse button to cancel); kdocker Open an application and send it to the system tray; kdocker application Send focused window to the system tray; kdocker ;f Display a cursor to send a window to the system tray with a custom icon when pressing the left mouse button; kdocker ;i /path/to/icon Open an application, send it to the system tray and if focus is lost, minimize it; kdocker ;l application Print version; kdocker ;;version konsole Konsole* The KDE terminal emulator
 * github.com/user;none/KDocker.

Open a new Konsole in a specific directory; konsole ;;workdir path/to/directory Run a specific command and do not close the window after it exits; konsole ;;noclose ;e command Open a new tab; konsole ;;new;tab Open a Konsole in the background and bring to the front when Ctrl+Shift+F12 (by default) is pressed; konsole ;;background;mode Open a Konsole with the emergency FALLBACK profile; konsole ;;fallback;profile lastlog Show the most recent login of all users or of a given user
 * konsole.kde.org.

Display the most recent login of all users; lastlog Display lastlog record of the specified user; lastlog ;u username Display records before 7 days ago; lastlog ;b 7 Display records More recent than 3 days;
 * manned.org/lastlog.

lastlog ;t 3 logsave Save the output of a command in a logfile

Execute command with specified argument(s) and save its output to log file; logsave path/to/logfile command Take input from standard input and save it in a log file; logsave logfile ; Append the output to a log file, instead of replacing its current contents; logsave ;a logfile command Show verbose output; logsave ;v logfile command losetup Set up and control loop devices
 * manned.org/logsave.

List loop devices with detailed info; losetup ;a Attach a file to a given loop device; sudo losetup /dev/loop /path/to/file Attach a file to a new free loop device and scan the device for partitions; sudo losetup ;;show ;;partscan ;f /path/to/file Attach a file to a read;only loop device; sudo losetup ;;read;only /dev/loop /path/to/file Detach all loop devices; sudo losetup ;D Detach a given loop device; sudo losetup ;d /dev/loop lrunzip A large file decompression program.See also lrzip, lrztar, lrzuntar
 * manned.org/losetup.

Decompress a file; lrunzip filename.lrz Decompress a file using a specific number of processor threads; lrunzip ;p 8 filename.lrz Decompress a file and silently overwrite files if they exist; lrunzip ;f filename.lrz Keep broken or damaged files instead of deleting them when decompressing; lrunzip ;K filename.lrz Specify output file name and/or path; lrunzip ;o outfilename filename.lrz lslocks List local system locks
 * manned.org/lrunzip.

List all local system locks; lslocks List locks with defined column headers; lslocks ;;output PID,COMMAND,PATH List locks producing a raw output (no columns), and without column headers; lslocks ;;raw ;;noheadings List locks by PID input; lslocks ;;pid PID List locks with JSON output to stdout; lslocks ;;json makepkg Creates a package installable with the pacman package manager.Runs the commands from a PKGBUILD file to build the package
 * manned.org/lslocks.

Make a package (run in the same directory as a PKGBUILD); makepkg Make a package and install its dependencies; makepkg ;;syncdeps Same as above, but install the package with pacman when done; makepkg ;;syncdeps ;;install Make a package, but skip source checksums; makepkg ;;skipchecksums manpath Determine the search path for manual pages
 * wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Makepkg.

Display the search path used to find man pages; manpath Show the entire global manpath; manpath ;;global mcookie Generates random 128;bit hexadecimal numbers
 * manned.org/manpath.

Generate a random number; mcookie Generate a random number, using the contents of a file as a seed for the randomness; mcookie ;;file path/to/file Generate a random number, using a specific number of bytes from a file as a seed for the randomness; mcookie ;;file path/to/file ;;max;size number_of_bytes Print the details of the randomness used, such as the origin and seed for each source; mcookie ;;verbose mkisofs Create ISO files from directories.Also aliased as genisoimage
 * manned.org/mcookie.

Create an ISO from a directory; mkisofs ;o filename.iso path/to/source_directory Set the disc label when creating an ISO; mkisofs ;o filename.iso ;V "label_name" path/to/source_directory modinfo Extract information about a Linux kernel module
 * manned.org/mkisofs.

List all attributes of a kernel module; modinfo kernel_module List the specified attribute only; modinfo ;F author|description|license|parm|filename kernel_module mullvad CLI client for Mullvad VPN
 * manned.org/modinfo.

Link your mullvad account with the specified account number; mullvad account set account_number Enable LAN access while VPN is on; mullvad lan set allow Establish the VPN tunnel; mullvad connect Check status of VPN tunnel; mullvad status nethogs Monitor bandwidth usage per process
 * mullvad.net/.

Start nethogs as root (default device is eth0); sudo nethogs Monitor bandwidth on specific device; sudo nethogs device Monitor bandwidth on multiple devices; sudo nethogs device1 device2 Specify refresh rate; sudo nethogs ;t seconds netstat Displays network;related information such as open connections, open socket ports, etc
 * github.com/raboof/nethogs.

List all ports; netstat ;;all List all listening ports; netstat ;;listening List listening TCP ports; netstat ;;tcp Display PID and program names; netstat ;;program List information continuously; netstat ;;continuous List routes and do not resolve IP addresses to hostnames; netstat ;;route ;;numeric List listening TCP and UDP ports (+ user and process if you're root); netstat ;;listening ;;program ;;numeric ;;tcp ;;udp ;;extend nologin Alternative shell that prevents a user from logging in.
 * man7.org/linux/man;pages/man8/netstat.8.html.

Set a user's login shell to nologin to prevent the user from logging in; chsh ;s user nologin Customize message for users with the login shell of nologin; echo "declined_login_message" > /etc/nologin.txt nordvpn Command;line interface for NordVPN

Interactively log into a NordVPN account; nordvpn login Display the connection status; nordvpn status Connect to the nearest NordVPN server; nordvpn connect List all available countries; nordvpn countries Connect to a NordVPN server in a specific country; nordvpn connect Germany nsenter Run a new command in a running process' namespace.Particularly useful for docker images or chroot jails
 * nordvpn.com/download/linux/.

Run command in existing processes network namespace; nsenter ;t pid ;n command command_arguments Run a new command in an existing processes ps;table namespace; nsenter ;t pid ;p command command_arguments Run command in existing processes IPC namespace; nsenter ;t pid ;i command command_arguments ntfsfix Fix common problems on an NTFS partition.
 * github.com/jpetazzo/nsenter/.

Fix a given NTFS partition; sudo ntfsfix /dev/sdXN numactl Control NUMA policy for processes or shared memory

Run a command on node 0 with memory allocated on node 0 and 1; numactl ;;cpunodebind=0 ;;membind=0,1 ;* command command_arguments Run a command on CPUs (cores) 0;4 and 8;12 of the current cpuset; numactl ;;physcpubind=+0;4,8;12 ;* command command_arguments Run a command with its memory interleaved on all CPUs; numactl ;;interleave=all ;* command command_arguments pdfgrep Search text in PDF files.
 * man7.org/linux/man;pages/man8/numactl.8.html.

Find lines that match pattern in a PDF; pdfgrep pattern file.pdf Include file name and page number for each matched line; pdfgrep ;;with;filename ;;page;number pattern file.pdf Do a case;insensitive search for lines that begin with "foo" and return the first 3 matches; pdfgrep ;;max;count 3 ;;ignore;case '^foo' file.pdf Find pattern in files with a .pdf extension in the current directory recursively; pdfgrep ;;recursive pattern Find pattern on files that match a specific glob in the current directory recursively; pdfgrep ;;recursive ;;include '*book.pdf' pattern pidstat Show system resource usage, including CPU, memory, IO etc.

Show CPU statistics at a 2 second interval for 10 times; pidstat 2 10 Show page faults and memory utilization; pidstat ;r Show input/output usage per process id; pidstat ;d Show information on a specific PID; pidstat ;p PID Show memory statistics for all processes whose command name include "fox" or "bird"; pidstat ;C "fox|bird" ;r ;p ALL pkgfile Tool for searching files from packages in the official repositories on arch;based systems.See also pacman files, describing the usage of pacman ;;files

Synchronize the pkgfile database; sudo pkgfile ;;update Search for a package that owns a specific file; pkgfile filename List all files provided by a package; pkgfile ;;list package_name List only files provided by a package located within the bin or sbin directory; pkgfile ;;list ;;binaries package_name Search for a package that owns a specific file using case;insensitive matching; pkgfile ;;ignorecase filename Search for a package that owns a specific file in the bin or sbin directory; pkgfile ;;binaries filename Search for a package that owns a specific file, displaying the package version; pkgfile ;;verbose filename Search for a package that owns a specific file in a specific repository; pkgfile ;;repo repository_name filename pkginfo Query the package database on a CRUX system.
 * man.archlinux.org/man/extra/pkgfile/pkgfile.1.

List installed packages and their versions; pkginfo ;i List files owned by a package; pkginfo ;l package_name List the owner(s) of files matching a pattern; pkginfo ;o pattern Print the footprint of a file; pkginfo ;f file postfix Postfix mail transfer agent (MTA) control program.See also dovecot, a mail delivery agent (MDA) that integrates with Postfix

http;www.postfix.org. Check the configuration; sudo postfix check Check the status of the Postfix daemon; sudo postfix status Start Postfix; sudo postfix start Gracefully stop Postfix; sudo postfix stop Flush the mail queue; sudo postfix flush Reload the configuration files; sudo postfix reload rename Rename multiple files.NOTE* this page refers to the command from the prename Fedora package.

Rename files using a Perl Common Regular Expression (substitute 'foo' with 'bar' wherever found); rename 's/foo/bar/' * Dry;run * display which renames would occur without performing them; rename ;n 's/foo/bar/' * Force renaming even if the operation would remove existing destination files; rename ;f 's/foo/bar/' * Convert filenames to lower case (use ;f in case;insensitive filesystems to prevent "already exists" errors); rename 'y/A;Z/a;z/' * Replace whitespace with underscores; rename 's/\s+/_/g' * prt;get The CRUX package manager.

Install a package; prt;get install package_name Install a package with dependency handling; prt;get depinst package_name Update a package manually; prt;get upgrade package_name Remove a package; prt;get remove package_name Upgrade the system from the local ports tree; prt;get sysup Search the ports tree; prt;get search package_name Search for a file in a package; prt;get fsearch file qjoypad Translate input from gamepads or joysticks into keyboard strokes or mouse actions

http;qjoypad.sourceforge.net/. Start QJoyPad; qjoypad Start QJoyPad and look for devices in a specific directory; qjoypad ;;device=path/to/directory Start QJoyPad but don't show a system tray icon; qjoypad ;;notray Start QJoyPad and force the window manager to use a system tray icon; qjoypad ;;force;tray Force a running instance of QJoyPad to update its list of devices and layouts; qjoypad ;;update Load the given layout in an already running instance of QJoyPad, or start QJoyPad using the given layout; qjoypad "layout" readelf Displays information about ELF files

http;man7.org/linux/man;pages/man1/readelf.1.html. Display all information about the ELF file; readelf ;all path/to/binary Display all the headers present in the ELF file; readelf ;;headers path/to/binary Display the entries in symbol table section of the ELF file, if it has one; readelf ;;symbols path/to/binary Display the information contained in the ELF header at the start of the file; readelf ;;file;header path/to/binary rpcinfo Makes an RPC call to an RPC server and reports what it finds.

Show full table of all RPC services registered on localhost; rpcinfo Show concise table of all RPC services registered on localhost; rpcinfo ;s localhost Display table of statistics of rpcbind operations on localhost; rpcinfo ;m Display list of entries of given service name (mountd) and version number (2) on a remote nfs share; rpcinfo ;l remote_nfs_server_ip mountd 2 Delete the registration for version 1 of the mountd service for all transports; rpcinfo ;d mountd 1 rtcwake Enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup time relative to your BIOS clock.

Show whether an alarm is set or not; sudo rtcwake ;m show ;v Suspend to RAM and wakeup after 10 seconds; sudo rtcwake ;m mem ;s 10 Suspend to disk (higher power saving) and wakeup 15 minutes later; sudo rtcwake ;m disk ;;date +15min Freeze the system More efficient than suspend;to;RAM but version 3.9 or newer of the Linux kernel is required) and wakeup at a given date and time;

sudo rtcwake ;m freeze ;;date YYYYMMDDhhmm Disable a previously set alarm; sudo rtcwake ;m disable Perform a dry run to wakeup the computer at a given time. (Press Ctrl + C to abort); sudo rtcwake ;m on ;;date hh;ss runuser Run commands as a specific user and group without asking for password (needs root privileges).

Run command as a different user; runuser user ;c 'command' Run command as a different user and group; runuser user ;g group ;c 'command' Start a login shell as a specific user; runuser user ;l Specify a shell for running instead of the default shell (also works for login); runuser user ;s /bin/sh Preserve the entire environment of root (only if ;;login is not specified); runuser user ;;preserve;environment ;c 'command' scancel Cancel a Slurm job

Cancel a job using its ID; scancel job_id Cancel all jobs from a user; scancel user_name schroot Run command or start an interactive shell with a different root directory.
 * slurm.schedmd.com/scancel.html.

More customizable than chroot

Run a command in a specific chroot; schroot ;;chroot chroot command Run a command with options in a specific chroot; schroot ;;chroot chroot command ;* command_options Run a command in all available chroots; schroot ;;all command Start an interactive shell within a specific chroot as a specific user; schroot ;;chroot chroot ;;user user List available chroots; schroot ;;list sensors Report sensors information.
 * wiki.debian.org/Schroot.

Show the current readings of all sensor chips; sensors Show temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit; sensors ;;fahrenheit service Manage services by running init scripts.The full script path should be omitted (/etc/init.d/ is assumed).

List the name and status of all services; service ;;status;all Start/Stop/Restart/Reload service (start/stop should always be available); service service_name start|stop|restart|reload Do a full restart (runs script twice with start and stop); service service_name ;;full;restart Show the current status of a service; service service_name status setfacl Set file access control lists (ACL).

Modify ACL of a file for user with read and write access; setfacl ;m u;username;rw file Modify default ACL of a file for all users; setfacl ;d ;m u;;rw file Remove ACL of a file for a user; setfacl ;x u;username file Remove all ACL entries of a file; setfacl ;b file snapper Filesystem snapshot management tool

http;snapper.io/manpages/snapper.html. List snapshot configs; snapper list;configs Create snapper config; snapper ;c config create;config path/to/directory Create a snapshot with a description; snapper ;c config create ;d "snapshot_description" List snapshots for a config; snapper ;c config list Delete a snapshot; snapper ;c config delete snapshot_number Delete a range of snapshots; snapper ;c config delete snapshot_X;snapshot_Y sreport Generate reports on jobs, users, and clusters from accounting data

Show pipe delimited cluster utilization data; sreport ;;parsable cluster utilization Show number of jobs run; sreport job sizes printjobcount Show users with the highest CPU time use; sreport user topuser ssh;add Manage loaded ssh keys in the ssh;agent.Ensure that ssh;agent is up and running for the keys to be loaded in it.
 * slurm.schedmd.com/sreport.html.

Add the default ssh keys in ~/.ssh to the ssh;agent; ssh;add Add a specific key to the ssh;agent; ssh;add path/to/private_key List fingerprints of currently loaded keys; ssh;add ;l Delete a key from the ssh;agent; ssh;add ;d path/to/private_key Delete all currently loaded keys from the ssh;agent; ssh;add ;D swapoff Disables device or file for swapping.

Disable a given swap partition; swapoff /dev/sdb7 Disable a given swap file; swapoff path/to/file Disable all swap areas; swapoff ;a Disable swap by label of a device or file; swapoff ;L swap1 synopkg Package management utility for Synology DiskStation Manager

List the names of installed packages; synopkg list ;;name List packages which depend on a specific package; synopkg list ;;depend;on package Start/Stop a package; sudo synopkg start|stop package Print the status of a package; synopkg status package Uninstall a package; sudo synopkg uninstall package Check if updates are available for a package; synopkg checkupdate package Upgrade all packages to the latest version; sudo synopkg upgradeall Install a package from a synopkg file; sudo synopkg install path/to/package.spk taskset Get or set a process' CPU affinity or start a new process with a defined CPU affinity.
 * www.synology.com/dsm.

Get a running process' CPU affinity by PID; taskset ;;pid ;;cpu;list pid Set a running process' CPU affinity by PID; taskset ;;pid ;;cpu;list cpu_id pid Start a new process with affinity for a single CPU; taskset ;;cpu;list cpu_id command Start a new process with affinity for multiple non;sequential CPUs; taskset ;;cpu;list cpu_id_1 cpu_id_2 cpu_id_3 Start a new process with affinity for CPUs 1 through 4; taskset ;;cpu;list cpu_id_1,cpu_id_4 tcpflow Capture TCP traffic for debugging and analysis.

Show all data on the given interface and port; tcpflow ;c ;i eth0 port 80 tcpkill Kills specified in;progress TCP connections.

Kill in;progress connections at a specified interface, host and port; tcpkill ;i eth1 host 192.95.4.27 and port 2266 tune2fs Adjust parameters of an ext2, ext3 or ext4 filesystem.May be used on mounted filesystems

Set the max number of counts before a filesystem is checked to 2; tune2fs ;c 2 /dev/sdXN Set the filesystem label to MY_LABEL; tune2fs ;L 'MY_LABEL' /dev/sdXN Enable discard and user;specified extended attributes for a filesystem; tune2fs ;o discard,user_xattr /dev/sdXN Enable journaling for a filesystem; tune2fs ;o^nobarrier /dev/sdXN useradd Create a new user
 * manned.org/tune2fs.

Create new user; useradd name Create new user with a default home directory; useradd ;;create;home name Create new user with specified shell; useradd ;;shell path/to/shell name Create new user belonging to additional groups (mind the lack of whitespace); useradd ;;groups group1,group2 name Create new system user without a home directory; useradd ;;no;create;home ;;system name userdel Remove a user account or remove a user from a group.Note* all commands must be executed as root
 * manned.org/useradd.

Remove a user; userdel name Remove a user along with their home directory and mail spool; userdel ;;remove name Remove a user from a group; userdel name group Remove a user in other root directory; userdel ;;root path/to/other/root name usermod Modifies a user account
 * manned.org/userdel.

Change a user's name; usermod ;l newname user Add user to supplementary groups (mind the whitespace); usermod ;a ;G group1,group2 user Create a new home directory for a user and move their files to it; usermod ;m ;d path/to/home user uuidgen Generate unique identifiers (UUIDs).See also uuid
 * manned.org/usermod.

Create a random UUIDv4; uuidgen ;;random Create a UUIDv1 based on the current time; uuidgen ;;time Create a UUIDv5 of the name with a specified namespace prefix; uuidgen ;;sha1 ;;namespace @dns|@url|@oid|@x500 ;;name object_name vnstati PNG image output support for vnStat
 * manned.org/uuidgen.

Output a summary of the last 2* months, days, and all;time; vnstati ;;summary ;;iface network_interface ;;output path/to/output.png Output the 10 most traffic;intensive days of all time; vnstati ;;top10 ;;iface network_interface ;;output path/to/output.png Output monthly traffic statistics from the last 12 months; vnstati ;;months ;;iface network_interface ;;output path/to/output.png Output hourly traffic statistics from the last 24 hours; vnstati ;;hours ;;iface network_interface ;;output path/to/output.png whereis Locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a command.
 * manned.org/vnstati.

Locate binary, source and man pages for ssh; whereis ssh Locate binary and man pages for ls; whereis ;bm ls Locate source of gcc and man pages for Git; whereis ;s gcc ;m git Locate binaries for gcc in /usr/bin/ only; whereis ;b ;B /usr/bin/ ;f gcc Locate unusual binaries (those that have More or less than one binary on the system);

whereis ;u * Locate binaries that have unusual manual entries (binaries that have More or less than one manual installed);

whereis ;u ;m * wpa_cli Add and configure wlan interfaces.

Scan for available networks; wpa_cli scan Show scan results; wpa_cli scan_results Add a network; wpa_cli add_network number Set a network's SSID; wpa_cli set_network number ssid "SSID" Enable network; wpa_cli enable_network number Save config; wpa_cli save_config xdotool Command;line automation for X11.

Retrieve the X;Windows window ID of the running Firefox window(s); xdotool search ;;onlyvisible ;;name firefox Click the right mouse button; xdotool click 3 Get the ID of the currently active window; xdotool getactivewindow Focus on the window with ID of 12345; xdotool windowfocus ;;sync 12345 Type a message, with a 500ms delay for each letter; xdotool type ;;delay 500 "Hello world" Press the enter key; xdotool key KP_Enter xtrlock Lock the X display until the user supplies their password.

Lock the display and show a padlock instead of the cursor; xtrlock Display a blank screen as well as the padlock cursor; xtrlock ;b Fork the xtrlock process and return immediately; xtrlock ;f zramctl Setup and control zram devices.Use mkfs or mkswap to format zram devices to partitions.

Check if zram is enabled; lsmod | grep ;i zram Enable zram with a dynamic number of devices (use zramctl to configure devices further); sudo modprobe zram Enable zram with exactly 2 devices; sudo modprobe zram num_devices=2 Find and initialise the next free zram device to a 2 GB virtual drive using LZ4 compression; sudo zramctl ;;find ;;size 2GB ;;algorithm lz4 List currently initialised devices; zramctl 8chars Page Discussion Read Edit Edit source View history Unwatch

More From Visual Basic for Applications a2dismod Disable an Apache module on Debian;based OSes

Disable a module; sudo a2dismod module Don't show informative messages; sudo a2dismod ;;quiet module a2enconf Enable an Apache configuration file on Debian;based OSes
 * manpages.debian.org/latest/apache2/a2dismod.8.en.html.

Enable a configuration file; sudo a2enconf configuration_file Don't show informative messages; sudo a2enconf ;;quiet configuration_file a2ensite Enable an Apache virtual host on Debian;based OSes
 * manpages.debian.org/latest/apache2/a2enconf.8.en.html.

Enable a virtual host; sudo a2ensite virtual_host Don't show informative messages; sudo a2ensite ;;quiet virtual_host apt;file Search for files in apt packages, including ones not yet installed
 * manpages.debian.org/latest/apache2/a2ensite.8.en.html.

Update the metadata database; sudo apt update Search for packages that contain the specified file or path; apt;file search|find part/of/filename List the contents of a specific package; apt;file show|list package_name Search for packages that match the regular expression given in pattern; apt;file search|find ;;regexp regular_expression aptitude Debian and Ubuntu package management utility
 * manpages.debian.org/latest/apt;file/apt;file.1.html.

Synchronize list of packages and versions available. This should be run first, before running subsequent aptitude commands; aptitude update Install a new package and its dependencies; aptitude install package Search for a package; aptitude search package Search for an installed package (?installed is an aptitude search term); aptitude search '?installed(package)' Remove a package and all packages depending on it; aptitude remove package Upgrade installed packages to the newest available versions; aptitude upgrade Upgrade installed packages (like aptitude upgrade) including removing obsolete packages and installing additional packages to meet new package dependencies; aptitude full;upgrade Put an installed package on hold to prevent it from being automatically upgraded; aptitude hold '?installed(package)' apt;mark Utility to change the status of installed packages
 * manpages.debian.org/latest/aptitude/aptitude.8.html.

Mark a package as automatically installed; sudo apt;mark auto package_name Hold a package at its current version and prevent updates to it; sudo apt;mark hold package_name Allow a package to be updated again; sudo apt;mark unhold package_name Show manually installed packages; apt;mark showmanual Show held packages that aren't being updated; apt;mark showhold arp;scan Send ARP packets to hosts (specified as IP addresses or hostnames) to scan the local network
 * manpages.debian.org/latest/apt/apt;mark.8.html.

Scan the current local network; arp;scan ;;localnet Scan an IP network with a custom bitmask; arp;scan 192.168.1.1/24 Scan an IP network within a custom range; arp;scan 127.0.0.0;127.0.0.31 Scan an IP network with a custom net mask; arp;scan 10.0.0.0;255.255.255.0 asciiart Convert images to ASCII
 * github.com/royhills/arp;scan.

Read an image from a file and print in ASCII; asciiart path/to/image.jpg Read an image from a URL and print in ASCII; asciiart www.example.com/image.jpg Choose the output width (default is 100); asciiart ;width 50 path/to/image.jpg Colorize the ASCII output; asciiart ;;color path/to/image.jpg Choose the output format (default format is text); asciiart ;;format text|html path/to/image.jpg Invert the character map; asciiart ;;invert;chars path/to/image.jpg asterisk Telephone and exchange (phone) server.Used for running the server itself, and managing an already running instance
 * github.com/nodanaonlyzuul/asciiart.

[R]econnect to a running server, and turn on logging 3 levels of [v]erbosity; asterisk ;r ;vvv [R]econnect to a running server, run a single command, and return; asterisk ;r ;x "command" Show chan_SIP clients (phones); asterisk ;r ;x "sip show peers" Show active calls and channels; asterisk ;r ;x "core show channels" Show voicemail mailboxes; asterisk ;r ;x "voicemail show users" Terminate a channel; asterisk ;r ;x "hangup request channel_ID" Reload chan_SIP configuration; asterisk ;r ;x "sip reload" balooctl File indexing and searching framework for KDE Plasma
 * wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Home.

Display help; balooctl Display the status of the indexer; balooctl status Enable/Disable the file indexer; balooctl enable|disable Clean the index database; balooctl purge Suspend the file indexer; balooctl suspend Resume the file indexer; balooctl resume Display the disk space used by Baloo; balooctl indexSize Check for any unindexed files and index them; balooctl check bpftrace High;level tracing language for Linux eBPF
 * wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Baloo.

Display bpftrace version; bpftrace ;V List all available probes; sudo bpftrace ;l Run a one;liner program (e.g. syscall count by program); sudo bpftrace ;e 'tracepoint;raw_syscalls;sys_enter @[comm] = count* ' Run a program from a file; sudo bpftrace path/to/file Trace a program by PID; sudo bpftrace ;e 'tracepoint;raw_syscalls;sys_enter /pid == 123/ @[comm] = count* ' Do a dry run and display the output in eBPF format; sudo bpftrace ;d ;e 'one_line_program' calcurse A text;based calendar and scheduling application for the command;line
 * github.com/iovisor/bpftrace.

Start calcurse on interactive mode; calcurse Print the appointments and events for the current day and exit; calcurse ;;appointment Remove all local calcurse items and import remote objects; calcurse;caldav ;;init=keep;remote Remove all remote objects and push local calcurse items; calcurse;caldav ;;init=keep;local Copy local objects to the CalDAV server and vice versa; calcurse;caldav ;;init=two;way collectd System statistics collection daemon
 * calcurse.org.

Show usage help, including the program version; collectd ;h Test the configuration file and then exit; collectd ;t Test plugin data collection functionality and then exit; collectd ;T Start collectd; collectd Specify a custom configuration file location; collectd ;C path/to/file Specify a custom PID file location; collectd ;P path/to/file Don't fork into the background; collectd ;f compsize Calculate the compression ratio of a set of files on a btrfs filesystem.See also btrfs filesystem for recompressing a file by defragmenting it
 * collectd.org/.

Calculate the current compression ratio for a file or directory; sudo compsize path/to/file_or_directory Don't traverse filesystem boundaries; sudo compsize ;;one;file;system path/to/file_or_directory Show raw byte counts instead of human;readable sizes; sudo compsize ;;bytes path/to/file_or_directory cpulimit A tool to throttle the CPU usage of other processes
 * github.com/kilobyte/compsize.

http;cpulimit.sourceforge.net/. Limit an existing process with PID 1234 to only use 25% of the CPU; cpulimit ;;pid 1234 ;;limit 25% Limit an existing program by its executable name; cpulimit ;;exe program ;;limit 25 Launch a given program and limit it to only use 50% of the CPU; cpulimit ;;limit 50 ;* program arg1 arg2 ... Launch a program, limit its CPU usage to 50% and run cpulimit in the background; cpulimit ;;limit 50 ;;background ;* program Kill its process if the program's CPU usage goes over 50%; cpulimit ;;limit 50 ;;kill ;* program Throttle both it and its child processes so that none go about 25% CPU; cpulimit ;;limit 25 ;;monitor;forks ;* program datamash Tool to perform basic numeric, textual and statistical operations on input textual data files

http;www.gnu.org/software/datamash/. Get max, min, mean and median of a single column of numbers; seq 3 | datamash max 1 min 1 mean 1 median 1 Get the mean of a single column of float numbers (floats must use "," and not "."); echo ;e '1.0\n2.5\n3.1\n4.3\n5.6\n5.7' | tr '.' ',' | datamash mean 1 Get the mean of a single column of numbers with a given decimal precision; echo ;e '1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n5' | datamash ;R number_of_decimals_wanted mean 1 Get the mean of a single column of numbers ignoring "Na" and "NaN" (literal) strings; echo ;e '1\n2\nNa\n3\nNaN' | datamash ;;narm mean 1 ddrescue Data recovery tool that reads data from damaged block devices

Take an image of a device, creating a log file; sudo ddrescue /dev/sdb path/to/image.dd path/to/log.txt Clone Disk A to Disk B, creating a log file; sudo ddrescue ;;force ;;no;scrape /dev/sdX /dev/sdY path/to/log.txt dnsrecon DNS enumeration tool
 * www.gnu.org/software/ddrescue/.

Scan a domain and save the results to a SQLite database; dnsrecon ;;domain example.com ;;db path/to/database.sqlite Scan a domain, specifying the nameserver and performing a zone transfer; dnsrecon ;;domain example.com ;;name_server nameserver.example.com ;;type axfr Scan a domain, using a brute;force attack and a dictionary of subdomains and hostnames; dnsrecon ;;domain example.com ;;dictionary path/to/dictionary.txt ;;type brt Scan a domain, performing a reverse lookup of IP ranges from the SPF record and saving the results to a JSON file; dnsrecon ;;domain example.com ;s ;;json Scan a domain, performing a Google enumeration and saving the results to a CSV file; dnsrecon ;;domain example.com ;g ;;csv Scan a domain, performing DNS cache snooping; dnsrecon ;;domain example.com ;;type snoop ;;name_server nameserver.example.com ;;dictionary path/to/dictionary.txt Scan a domain, performing zone walking; dnsrecon ;;domain example.com ;;type zonewalk dos2unix Change DOS;style line endings to Unix;style.Replaces CRLF with CR
 * github.com/darkoperator/dnsrecon.

Change the line endings of a file; dos2unix filename Create a copy with Unix;style line endings; dos2unix ;n filename new_filename dpkg;deb Pack, unpack and provide information about Debian archives
 * manned.org/dos2unix.

Display information about a package; dpkg;deb ;;info path/to/file.deb Display the package's name and version on one line; dpkg;deb ;;show path/to/file.deb List the package's contents; dpkg;deb ;;contents path/to/file.deb Extract package's contents into a directory; dpkg;deb ;;extract path/to/file.deb path/to/directory Create a package from a specified directory; dpkg;deb ;;build path/to/directory dumpe2fs Print the super block and blocks group information for ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystems.Unmount the partition before running this command using umount device
 * manpages.debian.org/buster/dpkg/dpkg;deb.1.en.html.

Display ext2, ext3 and ext4 filesystem information; dumpe2fs /dev/sdXN Display the blocks which are reserved as bad in the filesystem; dumpe2fs ;b /dev/sdXN Force display filesystem information even with non;recognisable feature flags; dumpe2fs ;f /dev/sdXN Only display the superblock information and not any of the block group descriptor detail information; dumpe2fs ;h /dev/sdXN Print the detailed group information block numbers in hexadecimal format; dumpe2fs ;x /dev/sdXN dunstify A notification tool that is an extension of notify;send, but has
 * manned.org/dumpe2fs.

More features based around dunst.Works with all options that work for notify;send

Show a notification with a given title and message; dunstify "Title" "Message" Show a notification with specified urgency; dunstify "Title" "Message" ;u low|normal|critical Specify a message ID (overwrites any previous messages with the same ID); dunstify "Title" "Message" ;r 123 To see other possible options; notify;send ;;help e4defrag Defragment an ext4 filesystem
 * wiki.archlinux.org/title/Dunst#Dunstify.

Defragment the filesystem; e4defrag /dev/sdXN See how fragmented a filesystem is; e4defrag ;c /dev/sdXN Print errors and the fragmentation count before and after each file; e4defrag ;v /dev/sdXN faketime Fake the system time for a given command
 * manned.org/e4defrag.

Fake the time to this evening, before printing the result of date; faketime 'today 23;30' date Open a new bash shell, which uses yesterday as the current date; faketime 'yesterday' bash Simulate how a program would act next Friday night; faketime 'next Friday 1 am' path/to/program fatlabel Sets or gets the label of a FAT32 partition
 * manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/trusty/man1/faketime.1.html.

Get the label of a FAT32 partition; fatlabel /dev/sda1 Set the label of a FAT32 partition; fatlabel /dev/sdc3 "new_label" fc;cache Scan font directories to build font cache files
 * manned.org/fatlabel.

Generate font cache files; fc;cache Force a rebuild of all font cache files, without checking if cache is up;to;date; fc;cache ;f Erase font cache files, then generate new font cache files; fc;cache ;r fc;match Match available fonts
 * manned.org/fc;cache.

Return a sorted list of best matching fonts; fc;match ;s 'DejaVu Serif' filefrag Report how badly fragmented a particular file might be
 * manned.org/fc;match.

Display a report for a specific file; filefrag path/to/file Display a report for space;separated list of files; filefrag path/to/file1 path/to/file2 Display a report using a 1024 byte blocksize; filefrag ;b path/to/file Sync the file before requesting the mapping; filefrag ;s path/to/files Display mapping of extended attributes; filefrag ;x path/to/files Display a report with verbose information; filefrag ;v path/to/files firejail Securely sandboxes processes to containers using built;in Linux capabilities
 * manned.org/filefrag.

Integrate firejail with your desktop environment; sudo firecfg Open a restricted Mozilla Firefox; firejail firefox Start a restricted Apache server on a known interface and address; firejail ;;net=eth0 ;;ip=192.168.1.244 /etc/init.d/apache2 start List running sandboxes; firejail ;;list List network activity from running sandboxes; firejail ;;netstats Shutdown a running sandbox; firejail ;;shutdown=7777 flashrom Read, write, verify and erase flash chips
 * manned.org/firejail.

Probe the chip, ensuring the wiring is correct; flashrom ;;programmer programmer Read flash and save it to a file; flashrom ;p programmer ;;read path/to/file Write a file to the flash; flashrom ;p programmer ;;write path/to/file Verify the flash against a file; flashrom ;p programmer ;;verify path/to/file Probe the chip using Raspberry Pi; flashrom ;p linux_spi;dev=/dev/spidev0.0 genfstab Arch Linux install script to generate output suitable for addition to an fstab file
 * manned.org/flashrom.

Display an fstab compatible output based on a volume label; genfstab ;L path/to/mount_point Display an fstab compatible output based on a volume UUID; genfstab ;U path/to/mount_point A usual way to generate an fstab file, requires root permissions; genfstab ;U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab Append a volume into an fstab file to mount it automatically; genfstab ;U path/to/mount_point | sudo tee ;a /etc/fstab groupadd Add user groups to the system
 * man.archlinux.org/man/extra/arch;install;scripts/genfstab.8.

Create a new Linux group; groupadd group_name Create new group with a specific groupid; groupadd group_name ;g group_id groupdel Delete existing user groups from the system
 * manned.org/groupadd.

Delete an existing group; groupdel group_name groupmod Modify existing user groups in the system
 * manned.org/groupdel.

Change the group name; groupmod ;n new_group_name old_group_name Change the group id; groupmod ;g new_group_id old_group_name hardinfo Show hardware information in GUI window.
 * manned.org/groupmod.

Start hardinfo; hardinfo Print report to standard output; hardinfo ;r Save report to HTML file; hardinfo ;r ;f html > hardinfo.html hostname Show or set the system's host name.

Show current host name; hostname Show the network address of the host name; hostname ;i Show all network addresses of the host; hostname ;I Show the FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name); hostname ;;fqdn Set current host name; hostname new_hostname ip route IP Routing table management subcommand

Display the routing table; ip route show|list Add a default route using gateway forwarding; sudo ip route add default via gateway_ip Add a default route using eth0; sudo ip route add default dev eth0 Add a static route; sudo ip route add destination_ip via gateway_ip dev eth0 Delete a static route; sudo ip route del destination_ip dev eth0 Change or replace a static route; sudo ip route change|replace destination_ip via gateway_ip dev eth0 Show which route will be used by the kernel to reach an IP address; ip route get destination_ip iptables Program that allows configuration of tables, chains and rules provided by the Linux kernel firewall
 * manned.org/ip;route.

View chains, rules, and packet/byte counters for the filter table; sudo iptables ;vnL Set chain policy rule; sudo iptables ;P chain rule Append rule to chain policy for IP; sudo iptables ;A chain ;s ip ;j rule Append rule to chain policy for IP considering protocol and port; sudo iptables ;A chain ;s ip ;p protocol ;;dport port ;j rule Delete chain rule; sudo iptables ;D chain rule_line_number Save iptables configuration of a given table to a file; sudo iptables;save ;t tablename > path/to/iptables_file Restore iptables configuration from a file; sudo iptables;restore < path/to/iptables_file iwconfig Configure and show the parameters of a wireless network interface
 * www.netfilter.org/projects/iptables/.

Show the parameters and statistics of all the interfaces; iwconfig Show the parameters and statistics of the specified interface; iwconfig interface Set the ESSID (network name) of the specified interface (e.g. eth0 or wlp2s0); iwconfig interface new_network_name Set the operating mode of the specified interface; iwconfig interface mode ad hoc|Managed|Master|Repeater|Secondary|Monitor|Auto jpegtran Perform lossless transformation of JPEG files
 * manned.org/iwconfig.

Mirror an image horizontally or vertically; jpegtran ;flip horizontal|vertical path/to/image.jpg > path/to/output.jpg Rotate an image 90, 180 or 270 degrees clockwise; jpegtran ;rotate 90|180|270 path/to/image.jpg > path/to/output.jpg Transpose the image across the upper;left to lower right axis; jpegtran ;transpose path/to/image.jpg > path/to/output.jpg Transverse the image across the upper right to lower left axis; jpegtran ;transverse path/to/image.jpg > path/to/output.jpg Convert the image to grayscale; jpegtran ;grayscale path/to/image.jpg > path/to/output.jpg Crop the image to a rectangular region of width W and height H from the upper;left corner, saving the output to a specific file; jpegtran ;crop WxH ;outfile path/to/output.jpg path/to/image.jpg Crop the image to a rectangular region of width W and height H, starting at point X and Y from the upper;left corner; jpegtran ;crop WxH+X+Y path/to/image.jpg > path/to/output.jpg larasail A CLI tool for managing Laravel on Digital Ocean servers
 * manned.org/jpegtran.

Set up the server with Laravel dependencies using the default PHP version; larasail setup Set up the server with Laravel dependencies using a specific PHP version; larasail setup php71 Add a new Laravel site; larasail host domain path/to/site_directory Retrieve the Larasail user password; larasail pass Retrieve the Larasail MySQL password; larasail mysqlpass lastcomm Show last commands executed
 * github.com/thedevdojo/larasail.

Print information about all the commands in the acct (record file); lastcomm Display commands executed by a given user; lastcomm ;;user user Display information about a given command executed on the system; lastcomm ;;command command Display information about commands executed on a given terminal; lastcomm ;;tty terminal_name ldconfig Configure symlinks and cache for shared library dependencies
 * manpages.debian.org/stable/acct/lastcomm.1.en.html.

Update symlinks and rebuild the cache (usually run when a new library is installed); sudo ldconfig Update the symlinks for a given directory; sudo ldconfig ;n path/to/directory Print the libraries in the cache and check whether a given library is present; ldconfig ;p | grep library_name logwatch Summarizes many different logs for common services (e.g. apache, pam_unix, sshd, etc.) in a single report
 * manned.org/ldconfig.

Analyze logs for a range of dates at a certain level of detail; logwatch ;;range yesterday|today|all|help ;;detail low|medium|others' Restrict report to only include information for a selected service; logwatch ;;range all ;;service apache|pam_unix|etc lrzuntar A wrapper for lrunzip to simplify decompression of directories.See also* lrztar, lrzip
 * manned.org/logwatch.

Decompress from a file to the current directory; lrzuntar path/to/archive.tar.lrz Decompress from a file to the current directory using a specific number of processor threads; lrzuntar ;p 8 path/to/archive.tar.lrz Decompress from a file to the current directory and silently overwrite items that already exist; lrzuntar ;f archive.tar.lrz Specify the output path; lrzuntar ;O path/to/directory archive.tar.lrz Delete the compressed file after decompression; lrzuntar ;D path/to/archive.tar.lrz lslogins Show information about users on a Linux system
 * manned.org/lrzuntar.

Display users in the system; lslogins Display users belonging to a specific group; lslogins ;;groups=groups Display user accounts; lslogins ;;user;accs Display last logins; lslogins ;;last Display system accounts; lslogins ;;system;accs Display supplementary groups; lslogins ;;supp;groups lvcreate Creates a logical volume in an existing volume group. A volume group is a collection of logical and physical volumes.See also* lvm
 * man7.org/linux/man;pages/man1/lslogins.1.html.

Create a logical volume of 10 gigabytes in the volume group vg1; lvcreate ;L 10G vg1 Create a 1500 megabyte linear logical volume named mylv in the volume group vg1; lvcreate ;L 1500 ;n mylv vg1 Create a logical volume called mylv that uses 60% of the total space in volume group vg1; lvcreate ;l 60%VG ;n mylv vg1 Create a logical volume called mylv that uses all the unallocated space in the volume group vg1; lvcreate ;l 100%FREE ;n mylv vg1 lvextend Increase the size of a logical volume.See also* lvm
 * man7.org/linux/man;pages/man8/lvcreate.8.html.

Increase a volume's size to 120 GB; lvextend ;;size 120G logical_volume Increase a volume's size by 40 GB as well as the underlying filesystem; lvextend ;;size +40G ;r logical_volume Increase a volume's size to 100% of the free physical volume space; lvextend ;;size 100%FREE logical_volume lvreduce Reduce the size of a logical volume.See also* lvm
 * man7.org/linux/man;pages/man8/lvextend.8.html.

Reduce a volume's size to 120 GB; lvreduce ;;size 120G logical_volume Reduce a volume's size by 40 GB as well as the underlying filesystem; lvreduce ;;size ;40G ;r logical_volume lvremove Remove one or
 * man7.org/linux/man;pages/man8/lvreduce.8.html.

More logical volumes.See also* lvm

Remove a logical volume in a volume group; sudo lvremove volume_group/logical_volume Remove all logical volumes in a volume group; sudo lvremove volume_group lvresize Change the size of a logical volume.See also* lvm
 * man7.org/linux/man;pages/man8/lvremove.8.html.

Change the size of a logical volume to 120 GB; lvresize ;;size 120G volume_group/logical_volume Extend the size of a logical volume as well as the underlying filesystem by 120 GB; lvresize ;;size +120G ;;resizefs volume_group/logical_volume Extend the size of a logical volume to 100% of the free physical volume space; lvresize ;;size 100%FREE volume_group/logical_volume Reduce the size of a logical volume as well as the underlying filesystem by 120 GB; lvresize ;;size ;120G ;;resizefs volume_group/logical_volume mac2unix Change macOS;style line endings to Unix;style.Replaces LF with CR
 * man7.org/linux/man;pages/man8/lvresize.8.html.

Change the line endings of a file; mac2unix filename Create a copy with Unix;style line endings; mac2unix ;n filename new_filename microcom A minimalistic terminal program, used to access remote devices via a serial, CAN or telnet connection from the console
 * waterlan.home.xs4all.nl/dos2unix.html.

Open a serial port using the specified baud rate; microcom ;;port path/to/serial_port ;;speed baud_rate Establish a telnet connection to the specified host; microcom ;;telnet hostname;port mimetype Automatically determine the MIME type of a file
 * manned.org/microcom.

Print the MIME type of a given file; mimetype path/to/file Display only the MIME type, and not the filename; mimetype ;;brief path/to/file Display a description of the MIME type; mimetype ;;describe path/to/file Determine the MIME type of stdin (does not check a filename); some_command | mimetype ;;stdin Display debug information about how the MIME type was determined; mimetype ;;debug path/to/file Display all the possible MIME types of a given file in confidence order; mimetype ;;all path/to/file Explicitly specify the 2;letter language code of the output; mimetype ;;language path/to/file mkfs.fat Creates an MS;DOS filesystem inside a partition
 * manned.org/mimetype.

Create a fat filesystem inside partition 1 on device b (sdb1); mkfs.fat /dev/sdb1 Create filesystem with a volume;name; mkfs.fat ;n volume_name /dev/sdb1 Create filesystem with a volume;id; mkfs.fat ;i volume_id /dev/sdb1 Use 5 instead of 2 file allocation tables; mkfs.fat ;f 5 /dev/sdb1 modprobe Add or remove modules from the Linux kernel
 * manned.org/mkfs.fat.

Pretend to load a module into the kernel, but don't actually do it; sudo modprobe ;;dry;run module_name Load a module into the kernel; sudo modprobe module_name Remove a module from the kernel; sudo modprobe ;;remove module_name Remove a module and those that depend on it from the kernel; sudo modprobe ;;remove;dependencies module_name Show a kernel module's dependencies; sudo modprobe ;;show;depends module_name nautilus Default file explorer for GNOME desktop environment.Also known as GNOME Files
 * manned.org/modprobe.

Launch Nautilus; nautilus Launch Nautilus as root user; sudo nautilus Launch Nautilus and display a specific directory; nautilus path/to/directory Launch Nautilus with a specific file or directory selected; nautilus ;;select path/to/file_or_directory Launch Nautilus in a separated window; nautilus ;;new;window Close all Nautilus instances; nautilus ;;quit Display help; nautilus ;;help numlockx Control the number lock key status in X11 sessions
 * manned.org/nautilus.

http;www.mike;devlin.com/linux/README;numlockx.htm. Show the current number lock status; numlockx status Turn the number lock on; numlockx on Turn the number lock off; numlockx off Toggle the current state; numlockx toggle openvpn3 OpenVPN 3 Linux client

Start a new VPN session; openvpn3 session;start ;;config path/to/config.conf List established sessions; openvpn3 sessions;list Disconnect the currently established session started with given configuration; openvpn3 session;manage ;;config path/to/config.conf ;;disconnect Import VPN configuration; openvpn3 config;import ;;config path/to/config.conf List imported configurations; openvpn3 configs;list paccache A pacman cache cleaning utility.
 * community.openvpn.net/openvpn/wiki/OpenVPN3Linux.

Remove all but the 3 most recent package versions from the pacman cache; paccache ;r Set the number of package versions to keep; paccache ;rk num_versions Perform a dry;run and show the number of candidate packages for deletion; paccache ;d Move candidate packages to a directory instead of deleting them; paccache ;m path/to/directory pacstrap Arch Linux install script to install packages to the specified new root directory

Install the base package, Linux kernel and firmware for common hardware; pacstrap path/to/new/root base linux linux;firmware Install the base package, Linux LTS kernel and base;devel build tools; pacstrap path/to/new/root base base;devel linux;lts Install packages without copy the host's mirrorlist to the target; pacstrap ;M path/to/new/root packages Use an alternate configuration file for Pacman; pacstrap ;C path/to/pacman.conf path/to/new/root packages Install packages using the package cache on the host instead of on the target; pacstrap ;c path/to/new/root packages Install packages without copy the host's pacman keyring to the target; pacstrap ;G path/to/new/root packages Install packages in interactive mode (prompts for confirmation); pacstrap ;i path/to/new/root packages Install packages using package files; pacstrap ;U path/to/new/root path/to/package1 path/to/package2 photorec Deleted file recovery tool.It is recommended to write recovered files to a disk separate to the one being recovered from
 * man.archlinux.org/man/pacstrap.8.

Run PhotoRec on a specific device; sudo photorec /dev/sdb Run PhotoRec on a disk image (image.dd); sudo photorec path/to/image.dd phpenmod Enable PHP extensions on Debian;based OSes.
 * www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/PhotoRec.

Enable the JSON extension for every SAPI of every PHP version; sudo phpenmod json Enable the JSON extension for PHP 7.3 with the cli SAPI; sudo phpenmod ;v 7.3 ;s cli json phpquery PHP extension manager for Debian;based OSes.

List available PHP versions; sudo phpquery ;V List available SAPIs for PHP 7.3; sudo phpquery ;v 7.3 ;S List enabled extensions for PHP 7.3 with the cli SAPI; sudo phpquery ;v 7.3 ;s cli ;M Check if the JSON extension is enabled for PHP 7.3 with the apache2 SAPI; sudo phpquery ;v 7.3 ;s apache2 ;m json physlock Lock all consoles and virtual terminals

http;github.com/muennich/physlock. Lock every console (require current user or root to unlock); physlock Mute kernel messages on console while locked; physlock ;m Disable SysRq mechanism while locked; physlock ;s Display a message before the password prompt; physlock ;p "Locked!" Fork and detach physlock (useful for suspend or hibernate scripts); physlock ;d poweroff Power off the system

Power off the system; poweroff Halt the system (same as halt); poweroff ;;halt Reboot the system (same as reboot); poweroff ;;reboot Shut down immediately without contacting the system manager; poweroff ;;force ;;force Write the wtmp shutdown entry without shutting down the system; poweroff ;;wtmp;only powertop Optimize battery power usage.
 * www.man7.org/linux/man;pages/man8/poweroff.8.html.

Calibrate power usage measurements; sudo powertop ;;calibrate Generate HTML power usage report in the current directory; sudo powertop ;;html=power_report.html Tune to optimal settings; sudo powertop ;;auto;tune progress Display/Monitor the progress of running coreutils

Show the progress of running coreutils; progress Show the progress of running coreutils in quiet mode; progress ;q Launch and monitor a single long;running command; command & progress ;mp $! pvcreate Initialize a disk or partition for use as a physical volume.See also* lvm
 * github.com/Xfennec/progress.

Initialize the /dev/sda1 volume for use by LVM; pvcreate /dev/sda1 Force the creation without any confirmation prompts; pvcreate ;;force /dev/sda1 rdesktop Remote Desktop Protocol client.It can be used to connect the remote computer using the RDP protocol.
 * man7.org/linux/man;pages/man8/pvcreate.8.html.

Connect to a remote computer (default port is 3389); rdesktop ;u username ;p password host;port Simple Examples; rdesktop ;u Administrator ;p passwd123 192.168.1.111;3389 Connect to a remote computer with full screen (press Ctrl + Alt + Enter to exist); rdesktop ;u username ;p password ;f host;port Use the customed resolution (use the letter 'x' between the number); rdesktop ;u username ;p password ;g 1366x768 host;port Connect to a remote computer using domain user; rdesktop ;u username ;p password ;d domainname host;port Use the 16;bit color (speed up); rdesktop ;u username ;p password ;a 16 host;port repquota Display a summary of existing file quotas for a filesystem.

Report stats for all quotas in use; sudo repquota ;all Report quota stats for all users, even those who aren't using any of their quota; sudo repquota ;v filesystem Report on quotas for users only; repquota ;;user filesystem Report on quotas for groups only; sudo repquota ;;group filesystem Report on used quota and limits in a human;readable format; sudo repquota ;;human;readable filesystem Report on all quotas for users and groups in a human;readable format; sudo repquota ;augs rolldice Roll virtual dice

Roll a single 20 sided dice; rolldice d20 Roll two six sided dice and drop the lowest roll; rolldice 2d6s1 Roll two 20 sided dice and add a modifier value; rolldice 2d20+5 Roll a 20 sided dice two times; rolldice 2xd20 rpmbuild RPM Package Build tool
 * manned.org/rolldice.

Build binary and source packages; rpmbuild ;ba path/to/spec_file Build a binary package without source package; rpmbuild ;bb path/to/spec_file Specify additional variables when building a package; rpmbuild ;bb path/to/spec_file ;;define "variable1 value1" ;;define "variable2 value2" rtorrent Download torrents over the command;line
 * docs.fedoraproject.org/en;US/quick;docs/creating;rpm;packages/.

Add a torrent file or magnet to be downloaded; rtorrent torrent_or_magnet Start the download; <Ctrl>S View details about downloading torrent; ;> Close rtorrent safely; <Ctrl>Q sacctmgr View, setup, and manage Slurm accounts
 * github.com/rakshasa/rtorrent.

Show current configuration; sacctmgr show configuration Add a cluster to the slurm database; sacctmgr add cluster cluster_name Add an account to the slurm database; sacctmgr add account account_name cluster=cluster_of_account Show details of user/association/cluster/account; sacctmgr show user/association/cluster/account scontrol View information about and modify jobs
 * slurm.schedmd.com/sacctmgr.html.

Show information for job; scontrol show job job_id Suspend a comma;separated list of running jobs; scontrol suspend job_id Resume a comma;separated list of suspended jobs; scontrol resume job_id Hold a comma;separated list of queued jobs (Use release command to permit the jobs to be scheduled); scontrol hold job_id Release a comma;separated list of suspended job; scontrol release job_id semanage SELinux Policy Management tool
 * slurm.schedmd.com/scontrol.html.

Output local customizations; semanage ;S store ;o path/to/output_file Take a set of commands from a specified file and load them in a single transaction; semanage ;S store ;i path/to/input_file Manage booleans. Booleans allow the administrator to modify the confinement of processes based on the current configuration; semanage boolean ;S store ;;delete|;;modify|;;list|;;noheading|;;deleteall ;on|;off ;F boolean|boolean_file Manage policy modules; semanage module ;S store ;;add|;;delete|;;list|;;modify ;;enable|;;disable module_name Disable/Enable dontaudit rules in policy; semanage dontaudit ;S store on|off shutdown Shutdown and reboot the system.
 * manned.org/semanage.

Power off (halt) immediately; shutdown ;h now Reboot immediately; shutdown ;r now Reboot in 5 minutes; shutdown ;r +5 & Shutdown at 1;00 pm (Uses 24h clock); shutdown ;h 13;00 Cancel a pending shutdown/reboot operation; shutdown ;c snmpwalk SNMP query tool

Query the system information of a remote host using SNMPv1 and a community string; snmpwalk ;v1 ;c community ip Query system information on a remote host by OID using SNMPv2 on a specified port; snmpwalk ;v2c ;c community ip;port oid Query system information on a remote host by OID using SNMPv3 and authentication without encryption; snmpwalk ;v3 ;l authNoPriv ;u username ;a MD5|SHA ;A passphrase ip oid Query system information on a remote host by OID using SNMPv3, authentication, and encryption; snmpwalk ;v3 ;l authPriv ;u username ;a MD5|SHA ;A auth_passphrase ;x DES|AES ;X enc_passphrase ip oid Query system information on a remote host by OID using SNMPv3 without authentication or encryption; snmpwalk ;v3 ;l noAuthNoPriv ;u username ip oid sshuttle Transparent proxy server that tunnels traffic over an SSH connection.Doesn't require root or any special setup on the remote SSH server, though root access on the local machine is prompted for.
 * manned.org/snmpwalk.

Forward all IPv4 TCP traffic via a remote SSH server; sshuttle ;;remote=username@sshserver 0.0.0.0/0 Also forward all DNS traffic to the server's default DNS resolver; sshuttle ;;dns ;;remote=username@sshserver 0.0.0.0/0 Forward all traffic except that which is bound for a specific subnet; sshuttle ;;remote=username@sshserver 0.0.0.0/0 ;;exclude 192.168.0.1/24 Use the tproxy method to forward all IPv4 and IPv6 traffic; sshuttle ;;method=tproxy ;;remote=username@sshserver 0.0.0.0/0 ;;/0 ;;exclude=your_local_ip_address ;;exclude=ssh_server_ip_address steghide Steganography tool for JPEG, BMP, WAV and AU file formats

Embed data in a PNG, prompting for a passphrase; steghide embed ;;coverfile path/to/image.png ;;embedfile path/to/data.txt Extract data from a WAV audio file; steghide extract ;;stegofile path/to/sound.wav Display file information, trying to detect an embedded file; steghide info path/to/file.jpg Embed data in a JPEG image, using maximum compression; steghide embed ;;coverfile path/to/image.jpg ;;embedfile path/to/data.txt ;;compress 9 Get the list of supported encryption algorithms and modes; steghide encinfo Embed encrypted data in a JPEG image, e.g. with Blowfish in CBC mode; steghide embed ;;coverfile path/to/image.jpg ;;embedfile path/to/data.txt ;;encryption blowfish|... cbc|... tlp;stat A tool to generate TLP status reports.See also tlp
 * github.com/StefanoDeVuono/steghide.

Generate status report with configuration and all active settings; sudo tlp;stat Show battery information; sudo tlp;stat ;b Show configuration; sudo tlp;stat ;c unix2dos Change Unix;style line endings to DOS;style.Replaces CR with CRLF
 * linrunner.de/tlp/usage/tlp;stat.

Change the line endings of a file; unix2dos filename Create a copy with DOS;style line endings; unix2dos ;n filename new_filename unix2mac Change Unix;style line endings to macOS;style.Replaces CR with LF
 * waterlan.home.xs4all.nl/dos2unix.html.

Change the line endings of a file; unix2mac filename Create a copy with macOS;style line endings; unix2mac ;n filename new_filename unshadow Utility provided by the John the Ripper project to obtain the traditional Unix password file if the system uses shadow passwords
 * waterlan.home.xs4all.nl/dos2unix.html.

Combine the /etc/shadow and /etc/passwd of the current system; sudo unshadow /etc/passwd /etc/shadow Combine two arbitrary shadow and password files; sudo unshadow path/to/passwd path/to/shadow updatedb Create or update the database used by locate.It is usually run daily by cron
 * www.openwall.com/john/.

Refresh database content; sudo updatedb Display file names as soon as they are found; sudo updatedb ;;verbose utmpdump Dump and load btmp, utmp and wtmp accounting files.
 * manned.org/updatedb.

Dump the /var/log/wtmp file to the standard output as plain text; utmpdump /var/log/wtmp Load a previously dumped file into /var/log/wtmp; utmpdump ;r dumpfile > /var/log/wtmp vgchange Change the attributes of a Logical Volume Manager (LVM) volume group.See also* lvm

Change the activation status of logical volumes in all volume groups; sudo vgchange ;;activate y|n Change the activation status of logical volumes in the specified volume group (determine with vgscan); sudo vgchange ;;activate y|n volume_group vgcreate Create volume groups combining multiple mass;storage devices.See also* lvm
 * manned.org/vgchange.

Create a new volume group called vg1 using the /dev/sda1 device; vgcreate vg1 /dev/sda1 Create a new volume group called vg1 using multiple devices; vgcreate vg1 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 viewnior Simple and elegant image viewer.
 * man7.org/linux/man;pages/man8/vgcreate.8.html.

View an image; viewnior path/to/image.ext View in fullscreen mode; viewnior ;;fullscreen path/to/image.ext View fullscreen in slideshow mode; viewnior ;;slideshow path/to/image.ext wg;quick Quickly set up WireGuard tunnels based on config files

Set up a VPN tunnel; wg;quick up interface_name Delete a VPN tunnel; wg;quick down interface_name whiptail Display text;based dialog boxes from shell scripts.
 * www.wireguard.com/quickstart/.

Display a simple message; whiptail ;;title "title" ;;msgbox "message" height_in_chars width_in_chars Display a boolean choice, returning the result through the exit code; whiptail ;;title "title" ;;yesno "message" height_in_chars width_in_chars Customise the text on the yes / no buttons; whiptail ;;title "title" ;;yes;button "text" ;;no;button "text" ;;yesno "message" height_in_chars width_in_chars Display a text input box; result_variable_name="$(whiptail ;;title "title" ;;inputbox "message" height_in_chars width_in_chars default_text 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3)" Display a password input box; result_variable_name="$(whiptail ;;title "title" ;;passwordbox "message" height_in_chars width_in_chars 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3)" Display a multiple;choice menu; result_variable_name=$(whiptail ;;title "title" ;;menu "message" height_in_chars width_in_chars menu_display_height "value_1" "display_text_1" "value_n" "display_text_n" ..... 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3) xdg;mime Query and manage MIME types according to the XDG standard

Display the MIME type of a file; xdg;mime query filetype path/to/file Display the default application for opening PNGs; xdg;mime query default image/png Display the default application for opening a specific file; xdg;mime query default $(xdg;mime query filetype path/to/file) Set imv as the default application for opening PNG and JPEG images; xdg;mime default imv.desktop image/png image/jpeg xdg;open Opens a file or URL in the user's preferred application
 * portland.freedesktop.org/doc/xdg;mime.html.

Open the current directory in the default file explorer; xdg;open. Open a URL in the default browser; xdg;open ;example.com Open an image in the default image viewer; xdg;open path/to/image Open a PDF in the default PDF viewer; xdg;open path/to/pdf Display help; xdg;open ;;help xvfb;run Run a command in a virtual X server environment
 * man.archlinux.org/man/xdg;open.1.

Run the specified command in a virtual X server; xvfb;run command Try to get a free server number, if the default (99) is not available; xvfb;run ;;auto;servernum command Pass arguments to the Xvfb server; xvfb;run ;;server;args ";screen 0 1024x768x24" command a2disconf Disable an Apache configuration file on Debian;based OSes
 * www.x.org/wiki/.

Disable a configuration file; sudo a2disconf configuration_file Don't show informative messages; sudo a2disconf ;;quiet configuration_file a2dissite Disable an Apache virtual host on Debian;based OSes
 * manpages.debian.org/latest/apache2/a2disconf.8.en.html.

Disable a virtual host; sudo a2dissite virtual_host Don't show informative messages; sudo a2dissite ;;quiet virtual_host addr2line Convert addresses of a binary into file names and line numbers
 * manpages.debian.org/latest/apache2/a2dissite.8.en.html.

Display the filename and line number of the source code from an instruction address of an executable; addr2line ;;exe=path/to/executable address Display the function name, filename and line number; addr2line ;;exe=path/to/executable ;;functions address Demangle the function name for C++ code; addr2line ;;exe=path/to/executable ;;functions ;;demangle address apt;cache Debian and Ubuntu package query tool
 * manned.org/addr2line.

Search for a package in your current sources; apt;cache search query Show information about a package; apt;cache show package Show whether a package is installed and up to date; apt;cache policy package Show dependencies for a package; apt;cache depends package Show packages that depend on a particular package; apt;cache rdepends package autorandr Automatically change screen layout
 * manpages.debian.org/latest/apt/apt;cache.8.html.

Save the current screen layout; autorandr ;s profile_name Show the saved profiles; autorandr Change the profile; autorandr ;l profile_name Set the default profile; autorandr ;d profile_name chkconfig Manage the runlevel of services on CentOS 6
 * github.com/phillipberndt/autorandr.

List services with runlevel; chkconfig ;;list Show a service's runlevel; chkconfig ;;list ntpd Enable service at boot; chkconfig sshd on Enable service at boot for runlevels 2, 3, 4, and 5; chkconfig ;;level 2345 sshd on Disable service at boot; chkconfig ntpd off Disable service at boot for runlevel 3; chkconfig ;;level 3 ntpd off create_ap Create an AP (Access Point) at any channel
 * manned.org/chkconfig.

Create an open network with no passphrase; create_ap wlan0 eth0 access_point_ssid Use a WPA + WPA2 passphrase; create_ap wlan0 eth0 access_point_ssid passphrase Create an access point without Internet sharing; create_ap ;n wlan0 acces_point_ssid passphrase Create a bridged network with Internet sharing; create_ap ;m bridge wlan0 eth0 access_point_ssid passphrase Create a bridged network with Internet sharing and a pre;configured bridge interface; create_ap ;m bridge wlan0 br0 access_point_ssid passphrase Create an access port for Internet sharing from the same Wi;Fi interface; create_ap wlan0 wlan0 access_point_ssid passphrase Choose a different Wi;Fi adapter driver; create_ap ;;driver wifi_adapter wlan0 eth0 access_point_ssid passphrase daemonize Run a command (that does not daemonize itself) as a Unix daemon
 * github.com/oblique/create_ap.

http;software.clapper.org/daemonize/. Run a command as a daemon; daemonize command command_arguments Write the PID to the specified file; daemonize ;p path/to/pidfile command command_arguments Use a lock file to ensure that only one instance runs at a time; daemonize ;l path/to/lockfile command command_arguments Use the specified user account; sudo daemonize ;u user command command_arguments debchange Tool for maintenance of the debian/changelog file in a Debian source package

Add a new version for a non;maintainer upload to the changelog; debchange ;;nmu Add a changelog entry to the current version; debchange ;;append Add a changelog entry to close the bug with specified ID; debchange ;;closes bug_id dmidecode Display the DMI (alternatively known as SMBIOS) table contents in a human;readable format.Requires root privileges
 * manpages.debian.org/debchange.

Show all DMI table contents; sudo dmidecode Show the BIOS version; sudo dmidecode ;s bios;version Show the system's serial number; sudo dmidecode ;s system;serial;number Show BIOS information; sudo dmidecode ;t bios Show CPU information; sudo dmidecode ;t processor Show memory information; sudo dmidecode ;t memory etckeeper Track system configuration files in Git
 * manned.org/dmidecode.

http;etckeeper.branchable.com/. Set up a Git repo and perform various setup tasks (run from /etc); sudo etckeeper init Commit all changes in /etc; sudo etckeeper commit message Run arbitrary Git commands; sudo etckeeper vcs status Check if there are uncommitted changes (only returns an exit code); sudo etckeeper unclean Destroy existing repo and stop tracking changes; sudo etckeeper uninit fallocate Reserve or deallocate disk space to files.The utility allocates space without zeroing

Reserve a file taking up 700 MiB of disk space; fallocate ;;length 700M path/to/file Shrink an already allocated file by 200 MiB; fallocate ;;collapse;range ;;length 200M path/to/file Shrink 20 MB of space after 100 MiB in a file; fallocate ;;collapse;range ;;offset 100M ;;length 20M path/to/file fcrackzip ZIP archive password cracking utility
 * manned.org/fallocate.

Brute;force a password with a length of 4 to 8 characters, and contains only alphanumeric characters (order matters); fcrackzip ;;brute;force ;;length 4;8 ;;charset aA1 archive Brute;force a password in verbose mode with a length of 3 characters that only contains lowercase characters, $ and %; fcrackzip ;v ;;brute;force ;;length 3 ;;charset a;$% archive Brute;force a password that contains only lowercase and special characters; fcrackzip ;;brute;force ;;length 4 ;;charset a! archive Brute;force a password containing only digits, starting from the password 12345; fcrackzip ;;brute;force ;;length 5 ;;charset 1 ;;init;password 12345 archive Crack a password using a wordlist; fcrackzip ;;use;unzip ;;dictionary ;;init;password wordlist archive Benchmark cracking performance; fcrackzip ;;benchmark No tldr entry for firewall;
 * manned.org/fcrackzip.

flameshot Screenshot utility with a GUI.Supports basic image editing, such as text, shapes, colors, and imgur

Launch flameshot with a simpler interactive mode; flameshot launcher Launch flameshot and immediately start interactively annotating parts of the screen to screenshot; flameshot gui Take a full screenshot (all monitors); flameshot full Take a screenshot from monitor 1; flameshot screen ;;number 1 Set the save path to write screenshots to; flameshot full ;;path path/to/directory Delay the screenshot for N milliseconds and output to clipboard; flameshot full ;;delay 2000 ;;clipboard Take a screenshot and export it to standard;output; flameshot gui ;;raw genkernel Gentoo Linux utility to compile and install kernels
 * flameshot.org.

Automatically compile and install a generic kernel; sudo genkernel all Build and install the bzImage|initramfs|kernel|ramdisk only; sudo genkernel bzImage|initramfs|kernel|ramdisk Apply changes to the kernel configuration before compiling and installing; sudo genkernel ;;menuconfig all Generate a kernel with a custom name; sudo genkernel ;;kernname=custom_name all Use a kernel source outside the default directory /usr/src/linux; sudo genkernel ;;kerneldir=path/to/directory all gsettings Query and modify dconf settings with schema validation
 * wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Genkernel.

Set the value of a key. Fails if the key doesn't exist or the value is out of range; gsettings set org.example.schema example;key value Print the value of a key or the schema;provided default if the key has not been set in dconf; gsetings get org.example.schema example;key Unset a key, so that its schema default value will be used; gsettings reset org.example.schema example;key Display all (non;relocatable) schemas, keys, and values; gsettings list;recursively Display all keys and values (default if not set) from one schema; gsettings list;recursively org.example.schema Display schema;allowed values for a key (helpful with enum keys); gsettings range org.example.schema example;key Display the human;readable description of a key; gsettings describe org.example.schema example;key homeshick Synchronize Git dotfiles
 * access.redhat.com/documentation/en;us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/8/html/using_the_desktop_environment_in_rhel_8/configuring;gnome;at;low;level_using;the;desktop;environment;in;rhel;8#using;gsettings;command_configuring;gnome;at;low;level.

Create a new castle; homeshick generate castle_name Add a file to your castle; homeshick track castle_name path/to/file Go to a castle; homeshick cd castle_name Clone a castle; homeshick clone github_username/repository_name Symlink all files from a castle; homeshick link castle_name http_load An HTTP benchmarking tool.Runs multiple HTTP fetches in parallel to test the throughput of a web server
 * github.com/andsens/homeshick/wiki.

http;www.acme.com/software/http_load/. Emulate 20 requests based on a given URL list file per second for 60 seconds; http_load ;rate 20 ;seconds 60 path/to/urls.txt Emulate 5 concurrent requests based on a given URL list file for 60 seconds; http_load ;parallel 5 ;seconds 60 path/to/urls.txt Emulate 1000 requests at 20 requests per second, based on a given URL list file; http_load ;rate 20 ;fetches 1000 path/to/urls.txt Emulate 1000 requests at 5 concurrent requests at a time, based on a given URL list file; http_load ;parallel 5 ;fetches 1000 path/to/urls.txt lvdisplay Display information about Logical Volume Manager (LVM) logical volumes.See also* lvm

Display information about all logical volumes; sudo lvdisplay Display information about all logical volumes in volume group vg1; sudo lvdisplay vg1 Display information about logical volume lv1 in volume group vg1; sudo lvdisplay vg1/lv1 mkfs.ext4 Creates an ext4 filesystem inside a partition
 * man7.org/linux/man;pages/man8/lvdisplay.8.html.

Create an ext4 filesystem inside partition 1 on device b (sdb1); sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 Create an ext4 filesystem with a volume;label; sudo mkfs.ext4 ;L volume_label /dev/sdb1 mkfs.ntfs Creates a NTFS filesystem inside a partition
 * manned.org/mkfs.ext4.

Create a NTFS filesystem inside partition 1 on device b (sdb1); mkfs.ntfs /dev/sdb1 Create filesystem with a volume;label; mkfs.ntfs ;L volume_label /dev/sdb1 Create filesystem with specific UUID; mkfs.ntfs ;U UUID /dev/sdb1 mkfs.vfat Creates an MS;DOS filesystem inside a partition
 * manned.org/mkfs.ntfs.

Create a vfat filesystem inside partition 1 on device b (sdb1); mkfs.vfat /dev/sdb1 Create filesystem with a volume;name; mkfs.vfat ;n volume_name /dev/sdb1 Create filesystem with a volume;id; mkfs.vfat ;i volume_id /dev/sdb1 Use 5 instead of 2 file allocation tables; mkfs.vfat ;f 5 /dev/sdb1 netselect Speed test for choosing a fast network server
 * manned.org/mkfs.vfat.

Choose the server with the lowest latency; sudo netselect host_1 host_2 Display nameserver resolution and statistics; sudo netselect ;vv host_1 host_2 Define maximum TTL (time to live); sudo netselect ;m 10 host_1 host_2 Print fastest N servers among the hosts; sudo netselect ;s N host_1 host_2 host_3 List available options; netselect partprobe Notify the operating system kernel of partition table changes
 * github.com/apenwarr/netselect.

Notify the operating system kernel of partition table changes; sudo partprobe Notify the kernel of partition table changes and show a summary of devices and their partitions; sudo partprobe ;;summary Show a summary of devices and their partitions but don't notify the kernel; sudo partprobe ;;summary ;;dry;run phpdismod Disable PHP extensions on Debian;based OSes.
 * manned.org/partprobe.

Disable the JSON extension for every SAPI of every PHP version; sudo phpdismod json Disable the JSON extension for PHP 7.3 with the cli SAPI; sudo phpdismod ;v 7.3 ;s cli json playerctl Utility to control different media players

Toggle play; playerctl play;pause Next media; playerctl next Previous media; playerctl previous List all players; playerctl ;;list;all Send a command to a specific player; playerctl ;;player=player_name command Send a command to all players; playerctl ;;all;players command Show now playing; playerctl metadata ;;format "Now playing* artist * album * title" pvdisplay Display information about Logical Volume Manager (LVM) physical volumes.See also* lvm
 * github.com/altdesktop/playerctl.

Display information about all physical volumes; sudo pvdisplay Display information about the physical volume on drive /dev/sdXY; sudo pvdisplay /dev/sdXY qtchooser A wrapper used to select between Qt development binary versions
 * man7.org/linux/man;pages/man8/pvdisplay.8.html.

List available Qt versions from the configuration files; qtchooser ;;list;versions Print environment information; qtchooser ;;print;env Run the specified tool using the specified Qt version; qtchooser ;;run;tool=tool ;;qt=version_name Add a Qt version entry to be able to choose from; qtchooser ;;install version_name path/to/qmake Display all available options; qtchooser ;;help radeontop Show utilisation of AMD GPUs.May require root privileges depending on your system
 * manned.org/qtchooser.

Show the utilisation of the default AMD GPU; radeontop Enable colored output; radeontop ;;color Select a specific GPU (the bus number is the first number in the output of lspci); radeontop ;;bus bus_number Specify the display refresh rate (higher means More GPU overhead);
 * github.com/clbr/radeontop.

radeontop ;;ticks samples_per_second rc;status Show status info about runlevels.See also openrc.

Show a summary of services and their status; rc;status Include services in all runlevels in the summary; rc;status ;;all List services that have crashed; rc;status ;;crashed List manually started services; rc;status ;;manual List supervised services; rc;status ;;supervised Get the current runlevel; rc;status ;;runlevel List all runlevels; rc;status ;;list rc;update Add and remove OpenRC services to and from runlevels.See also openrc.

List all services and the runlevels they are added to; rc;update show Add a service to a runlevel; sudo rc;update add service_name runlevel Delete a service from a runlevel; sudo rc;update delete service_name runlevel Delete a service from all runlevels; sudo rc;update ;;all delete service_name reflector Arch script to fetch and sort mirrorlists.

Get all mirrors, sort for download speed and save them; sudo reflector ;;sort rate ;;save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist Only get German HTTPS mirrors; reflector ;;country Germany ;;protocol Only get the 10 recently sync'd mirrors; reflector ;;latest 10 reportbug Bug report tool of Debian distribution

Generate a bug report about a specific package, then send it by e;mail; reportbug package Report a bug that is not about a specific package (general problem, infrastructure, etc.); reportbug other Write the bug report to a file instead of sending it by e;mail; reportbug ;o filename package resize2fs Resize an ext2, ext3 or ext4 filesystem.Does not resize the underlying partition, and the filesystem must be unmounted.
 * manpages.debian.org/buster/reportbug/reportbug.1.en.html.

Automatically resize a filesystem; resize2fs /dev/sdXN Resize the filesystem to a size of 40G, displaying a progress bar; resize2fs ;p /dev/sdXN 40G Shrink the filesystem to its minimum possible size; resize2fs ;M /dev/sdXN resolveip Resolve hostnames to their IP addresses and vice versa

Resolve a hostname to an IP address; resolveip example.org Resolve an IP address to a hostname; resolveip 1.1.1.1 Silent mode. Produces less output; resolveip ;;silent example.org rpcclient MS;RPC client tool (part of the samba suite)
 * mariadb.com/kb/en/resolveip/.

Connect to a remote host; rpcclient ;;user domain\username%password ip Connect to a remote host on a domain without a password; rpcclient ;;user username ;;workgroup domain ;;no;pass ip Connect to a remote host, passing the password hash; rpcclient ;;user domain\username ;;pw;nt;hash ip Execute shell commands on a remote host; rpcclient ;;user domain\username%password ;;command semicolon_separated_commands ip Display domain users; rpcclient $> enumdomusers Display privileges; rpcclient $> enumprivs Display information about a specific user; rpcclient $> queryuser username|rid Create a new user in the domain; rpcclient $> createdomuser username scanimage Scan images with the Scanner Access Now Easy API
 * www.samba.org/samba/docs/current/man;html/rpcclient.1.html.

http;sane;project.org/man/scanimage.1.html. List available scanners to ensure the target device is connected and recognized; scanimage ;L Scan an image and save it to a file; scanimage ;;format=pnm|tiff|png|jpeg > path/to/new_image screenkey A screencast tool to display keys pressed

Display keys which are currently being pressed on the screen; screenkey Display keys and mouse buttons which are currently being pressed on the screen; screenkey ;;mouse Launch the settings menu of screenkey; screenkey ;;show;settings Launch screenkey at a specific position; screenkey ;;position top|center|bottom|fixed Change the format of the key modifiers displayed on screen; screenkey ;;mods;mode normal|emacs|mac|win|tux Change the appearance of screenkey; screenkey ;;bg;color "#a1b2c3" ;;font Hack ;;font;color yellow ;;opacity 0.8 Drag and select a window on screen to display screenkey; screenkey ;;position fixed ;;geometry $(slop ;n ;f '%g') setxkbmap Set the keyboard using the X Keyboard Extension.
 * www.thregr.org/~wavexx/software/screenkey/.

Set the keyboard in French AZERTY; setxkbmap fr Set multiple keyboard layouts, their variants and switching option; setxkbmap ;layout us,de ;variant ,qwerty ;option 'grp;alt_caps_toggle' Get help; setxkbmap ;help List all layouts; localectl list;x11;keymap;layouts List variants for the layout; localectl list;x11;keymap;variants de List available switching options; localectl list;x11;keymap;options | grep grp; slapt;get An apt like system for Slackware package management.Package sources need to be configured in the slapt;getrc file.

Update the list of available packages and versions; slapt;get ;;update Install a package, or update it to the latest available version; slapt;get ;;install package_name Remove a package; slapt;get ;;remove package_name Upgrade all installed packages to their latest available versions; slapt;get ;;upgrade Locate packages by the package name, disk set, or version; slapt;get ;;search package_name Show information about a package; slapt;get ;;show package_name slapt;src A utility to automate building of slackbuilds.SlackBuild sources need to be configured in the slapt;srcrc file

Update the list of available slackbuilds and versions; slapt;src ;;update List all available slackbuilds; slapt;src ;;list Fetch, build and install the specified slackbuild(s); slapt;src ;;install slackbuild_name Locate slackbuilds by their name or description; slapt;src ;;search search_term Display information about a slackbuild; slapt;src ;;show slackbuild_name smbclient FTP;like client to access SMB/CIFS resources on servers.
 * github.com/jaos/slapt;src.

Connect to a share (user will be prompted for password* exit to quit the session); smbclient //server/share Connect with a different username; smbclient //server/share ;;user username Connect with a different workgroup; smbclient //server/share ;;workgroup domain ;;user username Connect with a username and password; smbclient //server/share ;;user username%password Download a file from the server; smbclient //server/share ;;directory path/to/directory ;;command "get file.txt" Upload a file to the server; smbclient //server/share ;;directory path/to/directory ;;command "put file.txt" smbpasswd Change a user's SMB password.Samba users must also have a local Unix account.

Change the current user's SMB password; smbpasswd Add a specified user to Samba and set password(user should already exist in system); smbpasswd ;a username Modify an existing Samba user's password; smbpasswd username Delete a Samba user; smbpasswd ;x username systemctl Control the systemd system and service manager

List failed units; systemctl ;;failed Start/Stop/Restart/Reload a service; systemctl start|stop|restart|reload unit Show the status of a unit; systemctl status unit Enable/Disable a unit to be started on bootup; systemctl enable|disable unit Mask/Unmask a unit to prevent enablement and manual activation; systemctl mask|unmask unit Reload systemd, scanning for new or changed units; systemctl daemon;reload Check if a unit is active; systemctl is;active unit Check if a unit is enabled; systemctl is;enabled unit timeshift System restore utility
 * www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemctl.html.

List snapshots; sudo timeshift ;;list Create a new snapshot (if scheduled); sudo timeshift ;;check Create a new snapshot (even if not scheduled); sudo timeshift ;;create Restore a snapshot (selecting which snapshot to restore interactively); sudo timeshift ;;restore Restore a specific snapshot; sudo timeshift ;;restore ;;snapshot 'snapshot' Delete a specific snapshot; sudo timeshift ;;delete ;;snapshot 'snapshot' tracepath Trace the path to a network host discovering MTU along this path
 * github.com/teejee2008/timeshift.

A preferred way to trace the path to a host; tracepath ;p 33434 host Specify the initial destination port, useful with non;standard firewall settings; tracepath ;p destination_port host Print both hostnames and numerical IP addresses; tracepath ;b host Specify a maximum TTL (number of hops); tracepath ;m max_hops host Specify the initial packet length (defaults to 65535 for IPv4 and 128000 for IPv6); tracepath ;l packet_length host Use only IPv6 addresses; tracepath ;6 host udisksctl A command;line program used to interact with the udisksd daemon process
 * manned.org/tracepath.

http;storaged.org/doc/udisks2;api/latest/udisksctl.1.html. Show high;level information about disk drives and block devices; udisksctl status Show detailed information about a device; udisksctl info ;;block;device /dev/sdX Show detailed information about a device partition; udisksctl info ;;block;device /dev/sdXN Mount a device partition and prints the mount point; udisksctl mount ;;block;device /dev/sdXN Unmount a device partition; udisksctl unmount ;;block;device /dev/sdXN Monitor the daemon for events; udisksctl monitor uprecords Displays a summary of historical uptime records.

Display a summary of the top 10 historical uptime records; uprecords Display the top 25 records; uprecords ;m 25 Display the downtime between reboots instead of the kernel version; uprecords ;d Show the most recent reboots; uprecords ;B Don't truncate information; uprecords ;w veracrypt Free and open source disk encryption software

Create a new volume through a text user interface and use /dev/urandom as a source of random data; veracrypt ;;text ;;create ;;random;source=/dev/urandom Decrypt a volume interactively through a text user interface and mount it to a directory; veracrypt ;;text path/to/volume path/to/mount_point Decrypt a partition using a keyfile and mount it to a directory; veracrypt ;;keyfiles=path/to/keyfile /dev/sdXN path/to/mount_point Dismount a volume on the directory it is mounted to; veracrypt ;;dismount path/to/mounted_point vgdisplay Display information about Logical Volume Manager (LVM) volume groups.See also* lvm
 * www.veracrypt.fr/code/VeraCrypt/plain/doc/html/Documentation.html.

Display information about all volume groups; sudo vgdisplay Display information about volume group vg1; sudo vgdisplay vg1 vncserver Launches a VNC (Virtual Network Computing) desktop.
 * man7.org/linux/man;pages/man8/vgdisplay.8.html.

Launch a VNC Server on next available display; vncserver Launch a VNC Server with specific screen geometry; vncserver ;;geometry widthxheight Kill an instance of VNC Server running on a specific display; vncserver ;;kill ;display_number vncviewer Launches a VNC (Virtual Network Computing) client.

Launch a VNC client which connects to a host on a given display; vncviewer host;display_number Launch in full;screen mode; vncviewer ;FullScreen host;display_number Launch a VNC client with a specific screen geometry; vncviewer ;;geometry widthxheight host;display_number Launch a VNC client which connects to a host on a given port; vncviewer host;;port wifi;menu Interactively connect to a wireless network

Set up a wireless connection interactively; wifi;menu Interactively set up a connection to a network and obscure the password; wifi;menu ;;obscure Display help; wifi;menu ;;help xsetwacom Command;line tool to change settings for Wacom pen tablets at runtime.
 * manned.org/wifi;menu.

List all the available Wacom devices. The device name is in the first column; xsetwacom list Set Wacom area to specific screen. Get name of the screen with xrandr; xsetwacom set "device_name" MapToOutput screen Set mode to relative (like a mouse) or absolute (like a pen) mode; xsetwacom set "device_name" Mode "Relative|Absolute" Rotate the input (useful for tablet;PC when rotating screen) by 0|90|180|270 degrees from "natural" rotation; xsetwacom set "device_name" Rotate none|half|cw|ccw Set button to only work when the tip of the pen is touching the tablet; xsetwacom set "device_name" TabletPCButton "on" add;apt;repository Manages apt repository definitions.

Add a new apt repository;
 * manned.org/apt;add;repository.

add;apt;repository repository_spec Remove an apt repository;

add;apt;repository ;;remove repository_spec Update the package cache after adding a repository;

add;apt;repository ;;update repository_spec Enable source packages;

add;apt;repository ;;enable;source repository_spec apache2ctl The CLI tool to administrate HTTP web server Apache.This command comes with Debian based OSes, for RHEL based ones see httpd.

Start the Apache daemon. Throw a message if it is already running;
 * manpages.debian.org/latest/apache2/apache2ctl.8.en.html.

sudo apache2ctl start Stop the Apache daemon;

sudo apache2ctl stop Restart the Apache daemon;

sudo apache2ctl restart Test syntax of the configuration file;

sudo apache2ctl ;t List loaded modules;

sudo apache2ctl ;M apport;bug File a bug report on Ubuntu.

Report a bug about the whole system;
 * wiki.ubuntu.com/Apport.

apport;bug Report a bug about a specific package;

apport;bug package Report a bug about a specific executable;

apport;bug path/to/executable Report a bug about a specific process;

apport;bug PID apt;add;repository Manages apt repository definitions.

Add a new apt repository;
 * manpages.debian.org/latest/software;properties;common/apt;add;repository.1.html.

apt;add;repository repository_spec Remove an apt repository;

apt;add;repository ;;remove repository_spec Update the package cache after adding a repository;

apt;add;repository ;;update repository_spec Enable source packages;

apt;add;repository ;;enable;source repository_spec arch;chroot Enhanced chroot command to help in the Arch Linux installation process.

Start an interactive shell (bash, by default) in a new root directory;
 * man.archlinux.org/man/arch;chroot.8.

arch;chroot path/to/new/root Specify the user (other than the current user) to run the shell as;

arch;chroot ;u user path/to/new/root Run a custom command (instead of the default bash) in the new root directory;

arch;chroot path/to/new/root command command_arguments Specify the shell, other than the default bash (in this case, the zsh package should have been installed in the target system);

arch;chroot path/to/new/root zsh archinstall Guided Arch Linux installer with a twist.

Start the interactive installer;
 * archinstall.readthedocs.io.

archinstall Start a preset installer;

archinstall minimal|unattended archlinux;java A helper script that provides functionalities for Java environments.

List installed Java environments;
 * github.com/michaellass/archlinux;java;run.

archlinux;java status Set the default Java environment;

archlinux;java set java_environment Unset the default Java environment;

archlinux;java unset Set the default Java environment automatically;

archlinux;java fix arithmetic Quiz on simple arithmetic problems.

Start an arithmetic quiz;
 * manpages.debian.org/bsdgames/arithmetic.6.en.html.

arithmetic Specify one or more arithmetic [o]peration symbols to get problems on them;

arithmetic ;o +|;|x|/ Specify a range. Addition and multiplication problems would feature numbers between 0 and range, inclusive. Subtraction and division problems would have required result and number to be operated on, between 0 and range;

arithmetic ;r 7 authconfig A CLI interface for configuring system authentication resources.

Display the current configuration (or dry run);
 * access.redhat.com/documentation/en;us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/system;level_authentication_guide/authconfig;install.

authconfig ;;test Configure the server to use a different password hashing algorithm;

authconfig ;;update ;;passalgo=algorithm Enable LDAP authentication;

authconfig ;;update ;;enableldapauth Disable LDAP authentication;

authconfig ;;update ;;disableldapauth Enable Network Information Service (NIS);

authconfig ;;update ;;enablenis Enable Kerberos;

authconfig ;;update ;;enablekrb5 Enable Winbind (Active Directory) authentication;

authconfig ;;update ;;enablewinbindauth Enable local authorization;

authconfig ;;update ;;enablelocauthorize avahi;browse Displays services and hosts exposed on the local network via mDNS/DNS;SD.Avahi is compatible with Bonjour (Zeroconf) found in Apple devices.

List all services available on the local network along with their addresses and ports while ignoring local ones;
 * www.avahi.org/.

avahi;browse ;;all ;;resolve ;;ignore;local List all domains;

avahi;browse ;;browse;domains Limit the search to a particular domain;

avahi;browse ;;all ;;domain=domain betterlockscreen Simple, minimal lock screen.

Lock the screen;
 * github.com/pavanjadhaw/betterlockscreen.

betterlockscreen ;;lock Change the lock screen background;

betterlockscreen ;u path/to/image.png Lock the screen, showing some custom text;

betterlockscreen ;l pixel ;t "custom lock screen text" Lock the screen, with a custom monitor off timeout in seconds;

betterlockscreen ;;off 5 ;l blkdiscard Discards device sectors on storage devices. Useful for SSDs.

Discard all sectors on a device, removing all data;
 * manned.org/blkdiscard.

blkdiscard /dev/device Securely discard all blocks on a device, removing all data;

blkdiscard ;;secure /dev/device Discard the first 100 MB of a device* B /dev/device

bluetoothctl Manage Bluetooth devices from the command;line.

Enter the bluetoothctl shell;
 * www.npmjs.com/package/bluetoothctl.

bluetoothctl List devices;

bluetoothctl ;* devices Pair a device;

bluetoothctl ;* pair mac_address Remove a device;

bluetoothctl ;* remove mac_address Connect a paired device;

bluetoothctl ;* connect mac_address Disconnect a paired device;

bluetoothctl ;* disconnect mac_address bluetoothd Daemon to manage bluetooth devices.

Start the daemon;
 * manned.org/bluetoothd.

bluetoothd Start the daemon, logging to stdout;

bluetoothd ;;nodetach Start the daemon with a specific configuration file (defaults to /etc/bluetooth/main.conf);

bluetoothd ;;configfile path/to/file Start the daemon with verbose output to stderr;

bluetoothd ;;debug Start the daemon with verbose output coming from specific files in the bluetoothd or plugins source;

bluetoothd ;;debug=path/to/file1;path/to/file2;path/to/file3 btrfs device Manage devices in a btrfs filesystem.

Add one or more devices to a btrfs filesystem;
 * btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Manpage/btrfs;device.

sudo btrfs device add path/to/block_device1 [path/to/block_device2] path/to/btrfs_filesystem Remove a device from a btrfs filesystem;

sudo btrfs device remove path/to/device|device_id [...] Display error statistics;

sudo btrfs device stats path/to/btrfs_filesystem Scan all disks and inform the kernel of all detected btrfs filesystems;

sudo btrfs device scan ;;all;devices Display detailed per;disk allocation statistics;

sudo btrfs device usage path/to/btrfs_filesystem btrfs filesystem Manage btrfs filesystems.

Show filesystem usage (optionally run as root to show detailed information);
 * btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Manpage/btrfs;filesystem.

btrfs filesystem usage path/to/btrfs_mount Show usage by individual devices;

sudo btrfs filesystem show path/to/btrfs_mount Defragment a single file on a btrfs filesystem (avoid while a deduplication agent is running);

sudo btrfs filesystem defragment ;v path/to/file Defragment a directory recursively (does not cross subvolume boundaries);

sudo btrfs filesystem defragment ;v ;r path/to/directory Force syncing unwritten data blocks to disk(s);

sudo btrfs filesystem sync path/to/btrfs_mount Summarize disk usage for the files in a directory recursively;

sudo btrfs filesystem du ;;summarize path/to/directory btrfs scrub Scrub btrfs filesystems to verify data integrity.It is recommended to run a scrub once a month.

Start a scrub;
 * btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Manpage/btrfs;scrub.

sudo btrfs scrub start path/to/btrfs_mount Show the status of an ongoing or last completed scrub;

sudo btrfs scrub status path/to/btrfs_mount Cancel an ongoing scrub;

sudo btrfs scrub cancel path/to/btrfs_mount Resume a previously cancelled scrub;

sudo btrfs scrub resume path/to/btrfs_mount Start a scrub, but wait until the scrub finishes before exiting;

sudo btrfs scrub start ;B path/to/btrfs_mount Start a scrub in quiet mode (does not print errors or statistics);

sudo btrfs scrub start ;q path/to/btrfs_mount btrfs subvolume Manage btrfs subvolumes and snapshots.

Create a new empty subvolume;
 * btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Manpage/btrfs;subvolume.

sudo btrfs subvolume create path/to/new_subvolume List all subvolumes and snapshots in the specified filesystem;

sudo btrfs subvolume list path/to/btrfs_filesystem Delete a subvolume;

sudo btrfs subvolume delete path/to/subvolume Create a read;only snapshot of an existing subvolume;

sudo btrfs subvolume snapshot ;r path/to/source_subvolume path/to/target Create a read;write snapshot of an existing subvolume;

sudo btrfs subvolume snapshot path/to/source_subvolume path/to/target Show detailed information about a subvolume;

sudo btrfs subvolume show path/to/subvolume check;support;status Identify installed Debian packages for which support has had to be limited or prematurely ended.

Display packages whose support is limited, has already ended or will end earlier than the distribution's end of life;
 * manpages.debian.org/buster/debian;security;support/check;support;status.1.en.html.

check;support;status Display only packages whose support has ended;

check;support;status ;;type ended Skip printing a headline;

check;support;status ;;no;heading coredumpctl Retrieve and process saved core dumps and metadata.

List all captured core dumps;
 * www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/coredumpctl.html.

coredumpctl list List captured core dumps for a program;

coredumpctl list program Show information about the core dumps matching a program with PID;

coredumpctl info PID Invoke debugger using the last core dump of a program;

coredumpctl debug program Extract the last core dump of a program to a file;

coredumpctl ;;output=path/to/file dump program cpufreq;aperf Calculate the average CPU frequency over a time period.Requires root privileges.

Start calculating, defaulting to all CPU cores and 1 second refresh interval;
 * manned.org/cpufreq;aperf.

sudo cpufreq;aperf Start calculating for CPU 1 only;

sudo cpufreq;aperf ;c 1 Start calculating with a 3 second refresh interval for all CPU cores;

sudo cpufreq;aperf ;i 3 Calculate only once;

sudo cpufreq;aperf ;o cpufreq;info A tool to show CPU frequency information.

Show CPU frequency information for all CPUs;
 * manned.org/cpufreq;info.

cpufreq;info Show CPU frequency information for the specified CPU;

cpufreq;info ;c cpu_number Show the allowed minimum and maximum CPU frequency;

cpufreq;info ;l Show the current minimum and maximum CPU frequency and policy in table format;

cpufreq;info ;o Show available CPU frequency policies;

cpufreq;info ;g Show current CPU work frequency in a human;readable format, according to the cpufreq kernel module;

cpufreq;info ;f ;m Show current CPU work frequency in a human;readable format, by reading it from hardware (only available to root);

sudo cpufreq;info ;w ;m cpufreq;set A tool to modify CPU frequency settings.The frequency value should range between the output of command cpufreq;info ;l.

Set the CPU frequency policy of CPU 1 to "userspace";
 * manned.org/cpufreq;set.

sudo cpufreq;set ;c 1 ;g userspace Set the current minimum CPU frequency of CPU 1;

sudo cpufreq;set ;c 1 ;;min min_frequency Set the current maximum CPU frequency of CPU 1;

sudo cpufreq;set ;c 1 ;;max max_frequency Set the current work frequency of CPU 1;

sudo cpufreq;set ;c 1 ;f work_frequency cryptsetup Manage plain dm;crypt and LUKS (Linux Unified Key Setup) encrypted volumes.

Initialize a LUKS volume (overwrites all data on the partition);
 * gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/.

cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/sda1 Open a LUKS volume and create a decrypted mapping at /dev/mapper/target;

cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda1 target Remove an existing mapping;

cryptsetup luksClose target Change the LUKS volume's passphrase;

cryptsetup luksChangeKey /dev/sda1 ctrlaltdel Utility to control what happens when CTRL+ALT+DEL is pressed.

Get current setting;

ctrlaltdel Set CTRL+ALT+DEL to reboot immediately, without any preparation;

sudo ctrlaltdel hard Set CTRL+ALT+DEL to reboot "normally", giving processes a chance to exit first (send SIGINT to PID1);

sudo ctrlaltdel soft dbus;daemon The D;Bus message daemon, allowing multiple programs to exchange messages.

Run the daemon with a configuration file;
 * www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/dbus/.

dbus;daemon ;;config;file path/to/file Run the daemon with the standard per;login;session message bus configuration;

dbus;daemon ;;session Run the daemon with the standard systemwide message bus configuration;

dbus;daemon ;;system Set the address to listen on and override the configuration value for it;

dbus;daemon ;;address address Output the process ID to stdout;

dbus;daemon ;;print;pid Force the message bus to write to the system log for messages;

dbus;daemon ;;syslog dconf write Write a value to a dconf database path.

Write a string to a dconf path (note the nested quotes);
 * developer.gnome.org/dconf.

dconf write /example/dconf/path "'Example Value'" Write a boolean to a dconf path;

dconf write /example/dconf/path true|false Write an integer to a dconf path;

dconf write /example/dconf/path 16 Write an array to a dconf path;

dconf write /example/dconf/path "['My First Value', 'My Second Value']" Write an empty array to a dconf path;

dconf write /example/dconf/path "@as []" debootstrap Create a basic Debian system.

Create a Debian stable release system inside the debian;root directory;
 * wiki.debian.org/Debootstrap.

sudo debootstrap stable path/to/debian;root/ http;deb.debian.org/debian Create an Ubuntu 20.04 system inside the focal;root directory with a local mirror;

sudo debootstrap focal path/to/focal;root/ file;/path/to/mirror/ Switch to a bootstrapped system;

sudo chroot path/to/root List available releases;

ls /usr/share/debootstrap/scripts/ No tldr entry for dirlist.txt

do;release;upgrade The Ubuntu release upgrader.

Upgrade to the latest release;
 * ubuntu.com/server/docs/upgrade;introduction.

sudo do;release;upgrade Upgrade to the latest development release;

sudo do;release;upgrade ;;devel;release Upgrade to the latest proposed release;

sudo do;release;upgrade ;;proposed dpkg;query A tool that shows information about installed packages.

List all installed packages;
 * manpages.debian.org/latest/dpkg/dpkg;query.1.html.

dpkg;query ;l List installed packages matching a pattern;

dpkg;query ;l 'pattern' List all files installed by a package;

dpkg;query ;L package_name Show information about a package;

dpkg;query ;s package_name duperemove Finds duplicate filesystem extents and optionally schedule them for deduplication.An extent is small part of a file inside the filesystem.On some filesystems one extent can be referenced multiple times, when parts of the content of the files are identical.

Search for duplicate extents in a directory and show them;
 * markfasheh.github.io/duperemove/.

duperemove ;r path/to/directory Deduplicate duplicate extents on a Btrfs or XFS (experimental) filesystem;

duperemove ;r ;d path/to/directory Use a hash file to store extent hashes (less memory usage and can be reused on subsequent runs);

duperemove ;r ;d ;;hashfile=path/to/hashfile path/to/directory Limit I/O threads (for hashing and dedupe stage) and CPU threads (for duplicate extent finding stage);

duperemove ;r ;d ;;hashfile=path/to/hashfile ;;io;threads=N ;;cpu;threads=N path/to/directory e2freefrag Print the free space fragmentation information for ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystems.

Check how many free blocks are present as contiguous and aligned free space;
 * manned.org/e2freefrag.

e2freefrag /dev/sdXN Specify chunk size in kilobytes to print how many free chunks are available;

e2freefrag ;c chunk_size_in_kb /dev/sdXN efibootmgr Manipulate the UEFI Boot Manager.

List the current settings / bootnums;
 * manned.org/efibootmgr.

efibootmgr List the filepaths;

efibootmgr ;v Add UEFI Shell v2 as a boot option;

sudo efibootmgr ;c ;d /dev/sda1 ;l \EFI\tools\Shell.efi ;L "UEFI Shell" Change the current boot order;

sudo efibootmgr ;o 0002,0008,0001,0005 Delete a boot option;

sudo efibootmgr ;b 0008 ;;delete;bootnum enum4linux Tool for enumerating Windows and Samba information from remote systems.It attempts to offer similar functionality to enum.exe formerly available from www.bindview.com.

Try to enumerate using all methods;
 * labs.portcullis.co.uk/tools/enum4linux/.

enum4linux ;a remote_host Enumerate using given login credentials;

enum4liux ;u user_name ;p password remote_host List usernames from a given host;

enum4liux ;U remote_host List shares;

enum4liux ;S remote_host Get OS information;

enum4liux ;o remote_host extundelete Recover deleted files from ext3 or ext4 partitions by parsing the journal.See also date for Unix time information and umount for unmounting partitions.

http;extundelete.sourceforge.net. Restore all deleted files inside partition N on device X;

sudo extundelete /dev/sdXN ;;restore;all Restore a file from a path relative to root (Do not start the path with /);

extundelete /dev/sdXN ;;restore;file path/to/file Restore a directory from a path relative to root (Do not start the path with /);

extundelete /dev/sdXN ;;restore;directory path/to/directory Restore all files deleted after January 1st, 2020 (in Unix time);

extundelete /dev/sdXN ;;restore;all ;;after 1577840400 fail2ban;client Configure and control fail2ban server.

Retrieve current status of the jail service;
 * github.com/fail2ban/fail2ban.

fail2ban;client status jail Remove the specified IP from the jail service's ban list;

fail2ban;client set jail unbanip ip Verify fail2ban server is alive;

fail2ban;client ping fc;pattern Shows information about a font matching a pattern.

Display default information about a font;
 * manned.org/fc;pattern.

fc;pattern ;;default 'DejaVu Serif' Display config information about a font;

fc;pattern ;;config 'DejaVu Serif' feedreader A GUI desktop RSS client.

Print the count of unread articles;
 * jangernert.github.io/FeedReader/.

feedreader ;;unreadCount Add a URL for a feed to follow;

feedreader ;;addFeed=feed_url Grab a specific article using its URL;

feedreader ;;grabArticle=article_url Download all images from a specific article;

feedreader ;;url=feed_url ;;grabImages=article_path Play media from a URL;

feedreader ;;playMedia=article_url flatpak;builder Help build application dependencies.

Build a Flatpak and export it to a new repository;
 * docs.flatpak.org/en/latest/flatpak;builder;command;reference.html.

flatpak;builder path/to/build_directory path/to/manifest Build a Flatpak and export it to the specified repository;

flatpak;builder ;;repo=repository_name path/to/build_directory path/to/manifest Build a Flatpak and install it locally;

flatpak;builder ;;install path/to/build_directory path/to/manifest Build and sign a Flatpak and export it to the specified repository;

flatpak;builder ;;gpg;sign=key_id ;;repo=repository_name path/to/manifest Run a shell inside of an application sandbox without installing it;

flatpak;builder ;;run path/to/build_directory path/to/manifest sh gnome;extensions Manage gnome extensions from the terminal.

Display the version;
 * wiki.gnome.org/Projects/GnomeShell/Extensions.

gnome;extensions version List all the installed extensions;

gnome;extensions list Display information about a specific extension;

gnome;extensions info "extension_id" Display help for a subcommand (like list);

gnome;extensions help subcommand Enable a specific extension;

gnome;extensions enable "extension_id" Disable a specific extension;

gnome;extension disable "extension_id" Uninstall a specific extension;

gnome;extension uninstall "extension_id" gnome;terminal The GNOME Terminal emulator.

Open a new GNOME terminal window;
 * help.gnome.org/users/gnome;terminal/stable/.

gnome;terminal Run a specific command in a new terminal window;

gnome;terminal ;* command Open a new tab in the last opened window instead;

gnome;terminal ;;tab Set the title of the new tab;

gnome;terminal ;;tab ;;title "title" google;chrome The web browser from Google.

Run with a custom profile directory;
 * chrome.google.com.

google;chrome ;;user;data;dir=path/to/directory Run without CORS validation, useful to test an API;

google;chrome ;;user;data;dir=path/to/directory ;;disable;web;security grub;install Install GRUB to a device.

Install GRUB on a BIOS system;
 * www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub/html_node/Installing;GRUB;using;grub_002dinstall.html.

grub;install ;;target=i386;pc path/to/device Install GRUB on an UEFI system;

grub;install ;;target=x86_64;efi ;;efi;directory=path/to/efi_directory ;;bootloader;id=GRUB Install GRUB pre;loading specific modules;

grub;install ;;target=x86_64;efi ;;efi;directory=path/to/efi_directory ;;modules="part_gpt part_msdos" grub;mkconfig Generate a GRUB configuration file.

Do a dry run and print the configuration to stdout;
 * www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub/html_node/Invoking;grub_002dmkconfig.html.

sudo grub;mkconfig Generate the configuration file;

sudo grub;mkconfig ;;output=/boot/grub/grub.cfg Print the help page;

grub;mkconfig ;;help guix package Install, upgrade and remove Guix packages, or rollback to previous configurations.

Install a new package;
 * guix.gnu.org/manual/html_node/Invoking;guix;package.html.

guix package ;i package_name Remove a package;

guix package ;r package_name Search the package database for a regular expression;

guix package ;s "search_pattern" List installed packages;

guix package ;I List generations;

guix package ;l Roll back to the previous generation;

guix package ;;roll;back hostnamectl Get or set the hostname of the computer.

Get the hostname of the computer;

hostnamectl Set the hostname of the computer;

sudo hostnamectl set;hostname "hostname" Set a pretty hostname for the computer;

sudo hostnamectl set;hostname ;;static "hostname.example.com" && sudo hostnamectl set;hostname ;;pretty "hostname" Reset hostname to its default value;

sudo hostnamectl set;hostname ;;pretty "" http;prompt An interactive command;line HTTP client featuring autocomplete and syntax highlighting.

Launch a session targeting the default URL of http;localhost;8000 or the previous session;

http;prompt Launch a session with a given URL;

http;prompt http;example.com Launch a session with some initial options;

http;prompt localhost;8000/api ;;auth username;password inotifywait Waits for changes to one or more files.

Run a command when a file changes;

while inotifywait path/to/file* do command* done Be quiet about watching for changes;

while inotifywait ;;quiet path/to/file* do command* done Watch a directory recursively for changes;

while inotifywait ;;recursive path/to/directory* do command* done Exclude files matching a regular expression;

while inotifywait ;;recursive path/to/directory ;;exclude 'regular_expression'* do command* done Wait at most 30 seconds;

while inotifywait ;;timeout 30 path/to/file* do command* done Only watch for file modification events;

while inotifywait ;;event modify path/to/file* do command* done ip address IP Address management subcommand.

List network interfaces and their associated IP addresses;

ip address Filter to show only active network interfaces;

ip address show up Display information about a specific network interface;

ip address show dev eth0 Add an IP address to a network interface;

ip address add ip_address dev eth0 Remove an IP address from a network interface;

ip address delete ip_address dev eth0 Delete all IP addresses in a given scope from a network interface;

ip address flush dev eth0 scope global|host|link ip;neighbour Neighbour/ARP tables management IP subcommand.

Display the neighbour/ARP table entries;
 * manned.org/ip;neighbour.8.

ip neighbour Remove entries in the neighbour table on device eth0;

sudo ip neighbour flush dev eth0 Perform a neighbour lookup and return a neighbour entry;

ip neighbour get lookup_ip dev eth0 Add or delete an ARP entry for the neighbour IP address to eth0;

sudo ip neighbour add|del ip_address lladdr mac_address dev eth0 nud reachable Change or replace an ARP entry for the neighbour IP address to eth0;

sudo ip neighbour change|replace ip_address lladdr new_mac_address dev eth0 journalctl Query the systemd journal.

Show all messages from this [b]oot;

journalctl ;b Show all messages from last [b]oot;

journalctl ;b ;1 Show all messages with priority level 3 (errors) from this [b]oot;

journalctl ;b ;;priority=3 [f]ollow new messages (like tail ;f for traditional syslog);

journalctl ;f Show all messages by a specific [u]nit;

journalctl ;u unit Filter messages within a time range (either timestamp or placeholders like "yesterday");

journalctl ;;since now|today|yesterday|tomorrow ;;until YYYY;MM;DD HH;MM;SS Show all messages by a specific process;

journalctl _PID=pid Show all messages by a specific executable;

journalctl path/to/executable kde;inhibit Inhibit various desktop functions while a command runs.

Inhibit power management;

kde;inhibit ;;power command command_arguments Inhibit screen saver;

kde;inhibit ;;screenSaver command command_arguments Launch VLC, and inhibit color correction (night mode) while it's running;

kde;inhibit ;;colorCorrect vlc kpackagetool5 KPackage Manager* Install, list, remove Plasma packages.

List all known package types that can be installed;
 * techbase.kde.org/Development/Tutorials/Plasma5/QML2/GettingStarted#Kpackagetool5.

kpackagetool5 ;;list;types Install the package from a directory;

kpackagetool5 ;;type package_type ;;install path/to/directory Update installed package from a directory;

kpackagetool5 ;;type package_type ;;upgrade path/to/directory List installed plasmoids (global for all users);

kpackagetool5 ;;type Plasma/Applet ;;list ;;global Remove a plasmoid by name;

kpackagetool5 ;;type Plasma/Applet ;;remove "name" kreadconfig5 Read KConfig entries for KDE Plasma.

Read a key from the global configuration;
 * userbase.kde.org/KDE_System_Administration/Configuration_Files.

kreadconfig5 ;;group group_name ;;key key_name Read a key from a specific configuration file;

kwriteconfig5 ;;file path/to/file ;;group group_name ;;key key_name Check if systemd is used to start the Plasma session;

kreadconfig5 ;;file startkderc ;;group General ;;key systemdBoot kscreen;console Command;line tool to query KScreen's status.

Show all outputs and configuration files to attach to a bug report;
 * manned.org/kscreen;console.

kscreen;console bug Show paths to KScreen configuration files;

kscreen;console config Show KScreen output information and configuration;

kscreen;console outputs Monitor for changes;

kscreen;console monitor Show the current KScreen configuration as JSON;

kscreen;console json Display help;

kscreen;console ;;help Display help including Qt specific command;line options;

kscreen;console ;;help;all kscreen;doctor Change and manipulate the screen setup from the command;line.

Show display output information;
 * invent.kde.org/plasma/libkscreen.

kscreen;doctor ;;outputs Set the rotation of a display output with an ID of 1 to the right;

kscreen;doctor output.1.rotation.right Set the scale of a display output with an ID of HDMI;2 to 2 (200%);

kscreen;doctor output.HDMI;2.scale.2 ksvgtopng5 Convert SVG files to PNG format.

Convert an SVG file (should be an absolute path) to PNG;
 * invent.kde.org/plasma/kde;cli;tools/;/blob/master/ksvgtopng/ksvgtopng.cpp.

ksvgtopng5 width height path/to/file.svg output_filename.png kwriteconfig5 Write KConfig entries for KDE Plasma.

Display help;
 * userbase.kde.org/KDE_System_Administration/Configuration_Files.

kwriteconfig5 ;;help Set a global configuration key;

kwriteconfig5 ;;group group_name ;;key key value Set a key in a specific configuration file;

kwriteconfig5 ;;file path/to/file ;;group group_name ;;key key value Delete a key;

kwriteconfig5 ;;group group_name ;;key key ;;delete Use systemd to start the Plasma session when available;

kwriteconfig5 ;;file startkderc ;;group General ;;key systemdBoot true Hide the title bar when a window is maximized (like Ubuntu);

kwriteconfig5 ;;file ~/.config/kwinrc ;;group Windows ;;key BorderlessMaximizedWindows true Configure KRunner to open with the Meta (Command/Windows) global hotkey;

kwriteconfig5 ;;file ~/.config/kwinrc ;;group ModifierOnlyShortcuts ;;key Meta "org.kde.kglobalaccel,/component/krunner_desktop,org.kde.kglobalaccel.Component,invokeShortcut,_launch" libreoffice CLI for the powerful and free office suite LibreOffice.

Open a space;separated list of files in read;only mode;
 * www.libreoffice.org/.

libreoffice ;;view path/to/file1 path/to/file2 Display the content of specific files;

libreoffice ;;cat path/to/file1 path/to/file2 Print files to a specific printer;

libreoffice ;;pt printer_name path/to/file1 path/to/file2 Convert all .doc files in current directory to PDF;

libreoffice ;;convert;to pdf *.doc lsb_release Provides certain LSB (Linux Standard Base) and distribution;specific information.

Print all available information;
 * manned.org/lsb_release.

lsb_release ;a Print a description (usually the full name) of the operating system;

lsb_release ;d Print only the operating system name (ID), suppressing the field name;

lsb_release ;i ;s Print the release number and codename of the distribution, suppressing the field names;

lsb_release ;rcs lxterminal Terminal emulator for LXDE.

Open an LXTerminal window;
 * wiki.lxde.org/en/LXTerminal.

lxterminal Open an LXTerminal window, run a command, and then exit;

lxterminal ;e "command" Open an LXTerminal window with multiple tabs;

lxterminal ;;tabs=tab_name1,tab_name2,... Open an LXTerminal window with a specific title;

lxterminal ;;title=title_name Open an LXTerminal window with a specific working directory;

lxterminal ;;working;directory=path/to/directory macchanger Command;line utility for manipulating network interface MAC addresses.

View the current and permanent MAC addresses of a interface;
 * manned.org/macchanger.

macchanger ;;show interface Set interface to a random MAC;

macchanger ;;random interface Set interface to a specific MAC;

macchanger ;;mac XX;XX;XX;XX;XX;XX interface Reset interface to its permanent hardware MAC;

macchanger ;;permanent interface mkfs.btrfs Create a btrfs filesystem.Defaults to raid1, which specifies 2 copies of a given data block spread across 2 different devices.

Create a btrfs filesystem on a single device;
 * btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Manpage/mkfs.btrfs.

sudo mkfs.btrfs ;;metadata single ;;data single /dev/sda Create a btrfs filesystem on multiple devices with raid1;

sudo mkfs.btrfs ;;metadata raid1 ;;data raid1 /dev/sda /dev/sdb /dev/sdN Set a label for the filesystem;

sudo mkfs.btrfs ;;label "label" /dev/sda [/dev/sdN] mkfs.cramfs Creates a ROM filesystem inside a partition.

Create a ROM filesystem inside partition 1 on device b (sdb1);
 * manned.org/mkfs.cramfs.

mkfs.cramfs /dev/sdb1 Create a ROM filesystem with a volume;name;

mkfs.cramfs ;n volume_name /dev/sdb1 mkfs.exfat Creates an exfat filesystem inside a partition.

Create an exfat filesystem inside partition 1 on device b (sdb1);
 * manned.org/mkfs.exfat.

mkfs.exfat /dev/sdb1 Create filesystem with a volume;name;

mkfs.exfat ;n volume_name /dev/sdb1 Create filesystem with a volume;id;

mkfs.exfat ;i volume_id /dev/sdb1 mkfs.minix Creates a Minix filesystem inside a partition.

Create a Minix filesystem inside partition 1 on device b (sdb1);
 * manned.org/mkfs.minix.

mkfs.minix /dev/sdb1 mkinitcpio Generates initial ramdisk environments for booting the Linux kernel based on the specified preset(s).

Perform a dry run (print what would be done without actually doing it);
 * man.archlinux.org/man/mkinitcpio.8.

mkinitcpio Generate a ramdisk environment based on the linux preset;

mkinitcpio ;;preset linux Generate a ramdisk environment based on the linux;lts preset;

mkinitcpio ;;preset linux;lts Generate ramdisk environments based on all existing presets (used to regenerate all the initramfs images after a change in /etc/mkinitcpio.conf);

mkinitcpio ;;allpresets Generate an initramfs image using an alternative configuration file;

mkinitcpio ;;config path/to/mkinitcpio.conf ;;generate path/to/initramfs.img Generate an initramfs image for a kernel other than the one currently running (the installed kernel releases can be found in /usr/lib/modules/);

mkinitcpio ;;kernel kernel_version ;;generate path/to/initramfs.img List all available hooks;

mkinitcpio ;;listhooks Display help for a specific hook;

mkinitcpio ;;hookhelp hook_name mklost+found Create a lost+found directory.

Create a lost+found directory in the current directory;
 * manned.org/mklost+found.

mklost+found mountpoint Test if a directory is a filesystem mountpoint.

Check if a directory is a mountpoint;
 * manned.org/mountpoint.

mountpoint path/to/directory Check if a directory is a mountpoint without showing any output;

mountpoint ;q path/to/directory Show major/minor numbers of a mountpoint's filesystem;

mountpoint ;;fs;devno path/to/directory netselect;apt Create a sources.list file for a Debian mirror with the lowest latency.

Create sources.list using the lowest latency server;
 * manpages.debian.org/buster/netselect;apt/netselect;apt.1.html.

sudo netselect;apt Specify Debian branch, stable is used by default;

sudo netselect;apt testing Include non;free section;

sudo netselect;apt ;;non;free Specify a country for the mirror list lookup;

sudo netselect;apt ;c India nixos;rebuild Reconfigure a NixOS machine.

Build and switch to the new configuration, making it the boot default;
 * nixos.org/nixos/manual/#sec;changing;config.

sudo nixos;rebuild switch Build and switch to the new configuration, making it the boot default and naming the boot entry;

sudo nixos;rebuild switch ;p name Build and switch to the new configuration, making it the boot default and installing updates;

sudo nixos;rebuild switch ;;upgrade Rollback changes to the configuration, switching to the previous generation;

sudo nixos;rebuild switch ;;rollback Build the new configuration and make it the boot default without switching to it;

sudo nixos;rebuild boot Build and activate the new configuration, but don't make a boot entry (for testing purposes);

sudo nixos;rebuild test Build the configuration and open it in a virtual machine;

sudo nixos;rebuild build;vm nmcli connection Connection management with NetworkManager.

List all NetworkManager connections (shows name, UUID, type and device);
 * man.archlinux.org/man/nmcli.1.

nmcli connection Activate a connection by specifying a UUID;

nmcli connection up uuid uuid Deactivate a connection;

nmcli connection down uuid uuid Create an auto;configured dual stack connection;

nmcli connection add ifname interface_name type ethernet ipv4.method auto ipv6.method auto Create a static IPv6;only connection;

nmcli connection add ifname interface_name type ethernet ip6 2001;db8;;2/64 gw6 2001;db8;;1 ipv6.dns 2001;db8;;1 ipv4.method ignore Create a static IPv4;only connection;

nmcli connection add ifname interface_name type ethernet ip4 10.0.0.7/8 gw4 10.0.0.1 ipv4.dns 10.0.0.1 ipv6.method ignore Create a VPN connection using OpenVPN from a OVPN file;

nmcli connection import type openvpn file path/to/vpn_config.ovpn nmcli device Hardware device management with NetworkManager.

Print the statuses of all network interfaces;
 * man.archlinux.org/man/nmcli.1.

nmcli device status Print the available Wi;Fi access points;

nmcli device wifi Connect to the Wi;Fi network with a specified name and password;

nmcli device wifi connect ssid password password Print password and QR code for the current Wi;Fi network;

nmcli device wifi show;password nmcli monitor Monitor changes to the NetworkManager connection status.

Start monitoring NetworkManager changes;
 * developer.gnome.org/NetworkManager/stable/nmcli.html.

nmcli monitor notify;send Uses the current desktop environment's notification system to create a notification.

Show a notification with the title "Test" and the content "This is a test";

notify;send "Test" "This is a test" Show a notification with a custom icon;

notify;send ;i icon.png "Test" "This is a test" Show a notification for 5 seconds;

notify;send ;t 5000 "Test" "This is a test" Show a notification with an app's icon;

notify;send "Test" ;;icon=google;chrome openfortivpn A VPN client, for Fortinet's proprietary PPP+SSL VPN solution.

Connect to a VPN with a username and password;
 * github.com/adrienverge/openfortivpn.

openfortivpn ;;username=username ;;password=password Connect to a VPN using a specific configuration file (defaults to /etc/openfortivpn/config);

sudo openfortivpn ;;config=path/to/config Connect to a VPN by specifying the host and port;

openfortivpn host;port Trust a given gateway by passing in its certificate's sha256 sum;

openfortivpn ;;trusted;cert=sha256_sum pacman4console A text;based console game inspired by the original Pacman.

Start a game at Level 1;
 * github.com/YoctoForBeaglebone/pacman4console.

pacman4console Start a game on a certain level (there are nine official levels);

pacman4console ;;level=level_number Start the pacman4console level editor, saving to a specified text file;

pacman4consoleedit path/to/level_file Play a custom level;

pacman4console ;;level=path/to/level_file pacman ;;database Operate on the Arch Linux package database.Modify certain attributes of the installed packages.

Display help;
 * man.archlinux.org/man/pacman.8.

pacman ;;database ;;help Mark a package as implicitly installed;

sudo pacman ;;database ;;asdeps package_name Mark a package as explicitly installed;

sudo pacman ;;database ;;asexplicit package_name Check that all the package dependencies are installed;

pacman ;;database ;;check Check the repositories to ensure all specified dependencies are available;

pacman ;;database ;;check ;;check Display only error messages;

pacman ;;database ;;check ;;quiet pacman ;;deptest Check each dependency specified and return a list of dependencies that are not currently satisfied on the system.

Print the package names of the dependencies that aren't installed;
 * man.archlinux.org/man/pacman.8.

pacman ;;deptest package_name1 package_name2 Check if the installed package satisfies the given minimum version;

pacman ;;deptest "bash>=5" Check if a later version of a package is installed;

pacman ;;deptest "bash>5" Display help;

pacman ;;deptest ;;help pacman ;;files Arch Linux package manager utility.See also pkgfile.

Display help;
 * man.archlinux.org/man/pacman.8.

pacman ;;files ;;help Update the package database;

sudo pacman ;;files ;;refresh Find the package that owns a specific file;

pacman ;;files filename Find the package that owns a specific file, using a regular expression;

pacman ;;files ;;regex 'regular_expression' List only the package names;

pacman ;;files ;;quiet filename List the files owned by a specific package;

pacman ;;files ;;list package_name List only the absolute path to the files;

pacman ;;query ;;list ;;quiet package_name pacman;mirrors Generate a pacman mirrorlist for Manjaro Linux.Every run of pacman;mirrors requires you to synchronize your database and update your system using sudo pacman ;Syyu.

Generate a mirrorlist using the default settings;
 * wiki.manjaro.org/index.php?title=Pacman;mirrors.

sudo pacman;mirrors ;;fasttrack Get the status of the current mirrors;

pacman;mirrors ;;status Display the current branch;

pacman;mirrors ;;get;branch Switch to a different branch;

sudo pacman;mirrors ;;api ;;set;branch stable|unstable|testing Generate a mirrorlist, only using mirrors in your country;

sudo pacman;mirrors ;;geoip pacman ;;query Arch Linux package manager utility.

List installed packages and versions;
 * man.archlinux.org/man/pacman.8.

pacman ;;query List only packages and versions that were explicitly installed;

pacman ;;query ;;explicit Find which package owns a file;

pacman ;;query ;;owns filename Display information about an installed package;

pacman ;;query ;;info package_name List files owned by a package;

pacman ;;query ;;list package_name List orphan packages (installed as dependencies but not required by any package);

pacman ;;query ;;unrequired ;;deps ;;quiet List installed packages not found in the repositories;

pacman ;;query ;;foreign List outdated packages;

pacman ;;query ;;upgrades pacman ;;remove Arch Linux package manager utility.

Display help for this subcommand;
 * man.archlinux.org/man/pacman.8.

pacman ;;remove ;;help Remove a package and its dependencies;

sudo pacman ;;remove ;;recursive package_name Remove a package and both its dependencies and configuration files;

sudo pacman ;;remove ;;recursive ;;nosave package_name Remove a package without prompting;

sudo pacman ;;remove ;;noconfirm package_name Remove orphan packages (installed as dependencies but not required by any package);

sudo pacman ;;remove ;;recursive ;;nosave $(pacman ;;query ;;unrequired ;;deps ;;quiet) Remove a package and all packages that depend on it;

sudo pacman ;;remove ;;cascade package_name List packages that would be affected (does not remove any packages);

pacman ;;remove ;;print package_name pacman ;;sync Arch Linux package manager utility.

Install a new package;
 * man.archlinux.org/man/pacman.8.

sudo pacman ;;sync package_name Synchronize and update all packages (add ;;downloadonly to download the packages and not update them);

sudo pacman ;;sync ;;refresh ;;sysupgrade Update all packages and install a new one without prompting;

sudo pacman ;;sync ;;refresh ;;sysupgrade ;;noconfirm package_name Search the package database for a regular expression or keyword;

pacman ;;sync ;;search "search_pattern" Display information about a package;

pacman ;;sync ;;info package_name Overwrite conflicting files during a package update;

sudo pacman ;;sync ;;refresh ;;sysupgrade ;;overwrite path/to/file Synchronize and update all packages, but ignore a specific package (can be used more than once);

sudo pacman ;;sync ;;refresh ;;sysupgrade ;;ignore package_name Remove not installed packages and unused repositories from the cache (use two ;;clean flags to clean all packages);

sudo pacman ;;sync ;;clean pacman ;;upgrade Arch Linux package manager utility.

Display help;
 * man.archlinux.org/man/pacman.8.

pacman ;;upgrade ;;help Install one or more packages from files;

sudo pacman ;;upgrade path/to/package1.pkg.tar.zst path/to/package2.pkg.tar.zst Install a package without prompting;

sudo pacman ;;upgrade ;;noconfirm path/to/package.pkg.tar.zst Overwrite conflicting files during a package installation;

sudo pacman ;;upgrade ;;overwrite path/to/file path/to/package.pkg.tar.zst Install a package, skipping the dependency version checks;

sudo pacman ;;upgrade ;;nodeps path/to/package.pkg.tar.zst List packages that would be affected (does not install any packages);

pacman ;;query ;;print path/to/package.pkg.tar.zst pasuspender Temporarily suspends pulseaudio while another command is running to allow access to alsa.

Suspend PulseAudio while running jackd;

pasuspender ;* jackd ;d alsa ;;device hw;0 rename Rename multiple files.NOTE* this page refers to the command from the perl;rename Arch Linux package.

Rename files using a Perl Common Regular Expression (substitute 'foo' with 'bar' wherever found);

rename 's/foo/bar/' * Dry;run * display which renames would occur without performing them;

rename ;n 's/foo/bar/' * Force renaming even if the operation would remove existing destination files;

rename ;f 's/foo/bar/' * Convert filenames to lower case (use ;f in case;insensitive filesystems to prevent "already exists" errors);

rename 'y/A;Z/a;z/' * Replace whitespace with underscores;

rename 's/\s+/_/g' * pkg;config Provide the details of installed libraries for compiling applications.

Get the list of libraries and their dependencies;
 * www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/pkg;config/.

pkg;config ;;libs library1 library2 ... Get the list of libraries, their dependencies, and proper cflags for gcc;

pkg;config ;;cflags ;;libs library1 library2 ... Compile your code with libgtk;3, libwebkit2gtk;4.0 and all their dependencies;

c++ example.cpp $(pkg;config ;;cflags ;;libs gtk+;3.0 webkit2gtk;4.0) ;o example protontricks A simple wrapper that does Winetricks things for Proton enabled games, requires Winetricks.

Show the protontricks help message;
 * github.com/Matoking/protontricks.

protontricks Run the protontricks GUI;

protontricks ;;gui Run Winetricks for a specific game;

protontricks appid winetricks_args Run a command within a game's installation directory;

protontricks ;c command appid protonvpn;cli connect Official client to connect to ProtonVPN from the command;line.

Connect to ProtonVPN interactively;
 * protonvpn.com/support/linux;vpn;setup/.

protonvpn;cli connect Connect to ProtonVPN using the fastest server available;

protonvpn;cli connect ;;fastest Connect to ProtonVPN using a specific server with a specific protocol;

protonvpn;cli connect server_name ;;protocol udp|tcp Connect to ProtonVPN using a random server with a specific protocol;

protonvpn;cli connect ;;random ;;protocol udp|tcp Connect to ProtonVPN using the fastest Tor;supporting server;

protonvpn;cli connect ;;tor Display help;

protonvpn connect ;;help protonvpn;cli Official client for ProtonVPN service from the command;line.

Log in to the ProtonVPN account;
 * github.com/ProtonVPN/linux;cli.

protonvpn;cli login username Start a kill switch upon connecting to ProtonVPN;

protonvpn;cli killswitch ;;on Connect to ProtonVPN interactively;

protonvpn;cli connect Display connection status;

protonvpn;cli status Block malware using ProtonVPN NetShield;

protonvpn;cli netshield ;;malware Disconnect from ProtonVPN;

protonvpn;cli disconnect Display the current ProtonVPN configuration;

protonvpn;cli config ;;list Display help for a subcommand;

protonvpn;cli subcommand ;;help pulseaudio The PulseAudio sound system daemon and manager.

Check if PulseAudio is running (a non;zero exit code means it is not running);
 * www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/PulseAudio/.

pulseaudio ;;check Start the PulseAudio daemon in the background;

pulseaudio ;;start Kill the running PulseAudio daemon;

pulseaudio ;;kill List available modules;

pulseaudio ;;dump;modules Load a module into the currently running daemon with the specified arguments;

pulseaudio ;;load="module_name arguments" quotacheck Scan a filesystem for disk usage* create, check and repair quota files.It is best to run quota check with quotas turned off to prevent damage or loss to quota files.

Check quotas on all mounted non;NFS filesystems;

sudo quotacheck ;;all Force check even if quotas are enabled (this can cause damage or loss to quota files);

sudo quotacheck ;;force mountpoint Check quotas on a given filesystem in debug mode;

sudo quotacheck ;;debug mountpoint Check quotas on a given filesystem, displaying the progress;

sudo quotacheck ;;verbose mountpoint Check user quotas;

sudo quotacheck ;;user user mountpoint Check group quotas;

sudo quotacheck ;;group group mountpoint rankmirrors Rank a list of Pacman mirrors by connection and opening speed.Writes the new mirrorlist to stdout.

Rank a mirror list;
 * wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/mirrors.

rankmirrors /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist Output only a given number of the top ranking servers;

rankmirrors ;n number /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist Be verbose when generating the mirrorlist;

rankmirrors ;v /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist Test only a specific URL;

rankmirrors ;;url url Output only the response times instead of a full mirrorlist;

rankmirrors ;;times /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist rc;service Locate and run OpenRC services with arguments.See also openrc.

Show a service's status;

rc;service service_name status Start a service;

sudo rc;service service_name start Stop a service;

sudo rc;servie service_name stop Restart a service;

sudo rc;service service_name restart Simulate running a service's custom command;

sudo rc;service ;;dry;run service_name command_name Actually run a service's custom command;

sudo rc;service service_name command_name Resolve the location of a service definition on disk;

sudo rc;service ;;resolve service_name run;mailcap Run MailCap Programs.Run mailcap view, see, edit, compose, print * execute programs via entries in the mailcap file (or any of its aliases) will use the given action to process each mime;type/file.

Individual actions/programs on run;mailcap can be invoked with action flag;

run;mailcap ;;action=ACTION [;;option[=value]] In simple language;

run;mailcap ;;action=ACTION filename Turn on extra information;

run;mailcap ;;action=ACTION ;;debug filename Ignore any "copiousoutput" directive and forward output to standard output;

run;mailcap ;;action=ACTION ;;nopager filename Display the found command without actually executing it;

run;mailcap ;;action=ACTION ;;norun filename rusnapshot BTRFS snapshotting utility written in Rust.

Create a snapshot using a config file;
 * github.com/Edu4rdSHL/rusnapshot.

sudo rusnapshot ;;config path/to/config.toml ;;cr List created snapshots;

sudo rusnapshot ;c path/to/config.toml ;;list Delete a snapshot by ID or the name of the snapshot;

sudo rusnapshot ;c path/to/config.toml ;;del ;;id snapshot_id Delete all hourly snapshots;

sudo rusnapshot ;c path/to/config.toml ;;list ;;keep 0 ;;clean ;;kind hourly Create a read;write snapshot;

sudo rusnapshot ;c path/to/config.toml ;;cr ;;rw Restore a snapshot;

sudo rusnapshot ;c path/to/config.toml ;;id snapshot_id ;;restore scriptreplay Replay a typescript created by the script command to the standard output.

Replay a typescript at the speed it was recorded;

scriptreplay path/to/timing_file path/to/typescript Replay a typescript at double the original speed;

scriptreplay path/to/timingfile path/to/typescript 2 Replay a typescript at half the original speed;

scriptreplay path/to/timingfile path/to/typescript 0.5 sensible;browser Open the default browser.

Open a new window of the default browser;

sensible;browser Open a URL in the default browser;

sensible;browser url sensible;editor Open the default editor.

Open a file in the default editor;

sensible;editor file Open a file in the default editor, with the cursor at the end of the file;

sensible;editor + file Open a file in the default editor, with the cursor at the beginning of line 10;

sensible;editor +10 file Open 3 files in vertically split editor windows at the same time;

sensible;editor ;O3 file_1 file_2 file_3 silentcast Silent screencast creator. Saves in .mkv and animated GIF formats.

Launch silentcast;
 * github.com/colinkeenan/silentcast.

silentcast Launch silentcast on a specific display;

silentcast ;;display=display snake4scores Show the high scores from the snake4 game.

Show the highscores;
 * manpages.debian.org/snake4/snake4.6.en.html.

snake4scores spectre;meltdown;checker Spectre and Meltdown mitigation detection tool.

Check the currently running kernel for Spectre or Meltdown;
 * manned.org/spectre;meltdown;checker.1.

sudo spectre;meltdown;checker Check the currently running kernel and show an explanation of the actions to take to mitigate a vulnerability;

sudo spectre;meltdown;checker ;;explain Check for specific variants (defaults to all);

sudo spectre;meltdown;checker ;;variant 1|2|3|3a|4|l1tf|msbds|mfbds|mlpds|mdsum|taa|mcespc|srbds Display output using a specific output format;

sudo spectre;meltdown;checker ;;batch text|json|nrpe|prometheus|short Don't use the /sys interface even if present;

sudo spectre;meltdown;checker ;;no;sysfs Check a non;running kernel;

sudo spectre;meltdown;checker ;;kernel path/to/kernel_file speedometer Python script that shows a network traffic graph in the terminal.

http;excess.org/speedometer. Show graph for a specific interface;

speedometer ;r eth0 ;t eth0 synoupgrade Upgrade a Synology DiskStation Manager (DSM) from the command;line.

Check if upgrades are available;
 * www.synology.com/dsm.

terminator Arrange multiple GNOME terminals in one window.

Start terminator window;

terminator Start with a fullscreen window;

terminator ;f Split terminals horizontally;

Ctrl + Shift + O Split terminals vertically;

Ctrl + Shift + E Open new tab;

Ctrl + Shift + T timedatectl Control the system time and date.

Check the current system clock time;
 * manned.org/timedatectl.1.

timedatectl Set the local time of the system clock directly;

timedatectl set;time "yyyy;MM;dd hh;mm;ss" List available timezones;

timedatectl list;timezones Set the system timezone;

timedatectl set;timezone timezone Enable Network Time Protocol (NTP) synchronization;

timedatectl set;ntp on update;alternatives

winetricks Specify a custom Wine directory to run Winetricks in;

WINEPREFIX=path/to/wine_directory winetricks Install a Windows DLL or component to the default Wine directory;

winetricks package wpa_passphrase Generate a WPA;PSK key from an ASCII passphrase for a given SSID.

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